Frederick the Great's Enemies: Who Incurred His Wrath?

Frederick the Great, also known as Frederick II of Prussia, was a formidable ruler known for his military prowess. However, his reign also saw him clash with several individuals and nations, earning him the reputation of a formidable opponent. Here are some notable recipients of Frederick's wrath:

1. Maria Theresa of Austria: Frederick engaged in the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War against Maria Theresa, the Archduchess of Austria and Queen of Hungary and Bohemia. He seized Silesia from her and engaged in several conflicts, becoming her longstanding adversary.

2. Saxony: Frederick invaded Saxony during the Seven Years' War, occupying the capital city of Dresden and causing significant destruction. This was seen as a betrayal by Saxony, as they were originally allies of Prussia.

3. Poland: Frederick invaded and partitioned Poland in the 18th century, along with Russia and Austria. This led to the decline and eventual dissolution of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

4. France: Despite an initial alliance with France, Frederick became frustrated with their lack of support during the Seven Years' War. He criticized the French for not sending enough troops and supplies, leading to strained relations between the two.

5. Russia: Frederick faced off against Russia during the Seven Years' War. He had conflicts with Empress Elizabeth of Russia and later with her successor, Catherine the Great. These conflicts included battles such as the Battle of Zorndorf and the Battle of Kunersdorf.

While Frederick the Great is often remembered for his military aggression, it's crucial to acknowledge that he also possessed diplomatic skills and sought alliances when it served his interests. His complex and multifaceted reign left a lasting impact on European history.