C++ 贪吃蛇游戏代码解析 - 详细注释和功能解释 - 常规

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>#include<process.h>#include<stdlib.h>#include<windows.h>#include<time.h>#define framex 2#define framey 2#define wide 40#define high 25\using namespace std;\int i,j,a[2];//更改颜色\int color(int c){\SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), c); //更改文字颜色\return 0;}//将光标移动到指定位置 \void gotoxy(HANDLE hout,int x,int y){\ //COORD是WindowsAPI中定义的一种结构，表示一个字符在控制台屏幕上的坐标\ COORD pos;\ pos.X=x;\ pos.Y=y;\ //SetConsoleCursorPosition是API中定位光标位置的函数。\ SetConsoleCursorPosition(hout,pos);}\void cover (HANDLE hout);\void explation(HANDLE hout)\ {\ \ int i,j=1;\ \ system("cls");\ \ color(13);\ \ gotoxy(hout,44,3);\ \ cout << "游戏说明"; \ color(2);\ for(i=6;i<=22;i++)\ {\ \ for(j=20;j<=75;j++)\ \ {\ \ gotoxy(hout,j,i);\ \ if(i==6||i==22)cout << "=";\ \ else if(j==20||j==75)cout << "||";\ }\ }\ color(3);\ gotoxy(hout,25,8);\ cout << "1、不能穿墙，不能咬到自己"; \ color(10);\ gotoxy(hout,25,11);\ cout << "2、用 ↑(W) ↓(S) ←(A) →(D)分别控制蛇的移动";\ color(14);\ gotoxy(hout,25,14);\ cout << "3、按任意键（除去ESC）暂停游戏，方向键继续";\ color(11);\ gotoxy(hout,25,17);\ cout << "4、ESC：自爆，游戏结束";\ color(4);\ getch();//按任意键返回主界面\ system("cls");\ cover (hout); \ }//游戏封面\void cover (HANDLE hout){\ gotoxy(hout,35,1);\ color(6);\ printf("/^/^/");\ \ gotoxy(hout,34,2);\ printf("|| o|");\ \ gotoxy(hout,33,2);\ color(2);\ printf("");\ \ gotoxy(hout,25,3);\ color(12);\ printf("\/");\ \ gotoxy(hout,31,3);\ color(2);\ printf("/");\ \ gotoxy(hout,37,3);\ color(6);\ printf("\/");\ \ gotoxy(hout,41,3);\ color(10);\ printf(" \ ");\ \ gotoxy(hout,26,4);\ color(12);\ printf("\");\ \ gotoxy(hout,32,4);\ printf("");\ \ gotoxy(hout,31,4);\ color(2);\ printf("|");\ \ gotoxy(hout,43,4);\ color(10);\ printf("\ ");\ \ gotoxy(hout,32,5);\ color(2);\ printf("\");\ \ gotoxy(hout,44,5);\ color(10);\ printf("\ ");\ \ gotoxy(hout,39,6);\ printf("| | \ ");\ \ gotoxy(hout,38,7);\ printf("/ / \ ");\ \ gotoxy(hout,37,8);\ printf("/ / \ \ ");\ \ gotoxy(hout,35,9);\ printf("/ / \ \ ");\ \ gotoxy(hout,34,10);\ printf(" / / \ \ ");\ \ gotoxy(hout,33,11);\ printf("/ / ---- \ \ ");\ \ gotoxy(hout,32,12);\ printf("/ / -~ ~- | |");\ \ gotoxy(hout,31,13);\ printf("( ( -~ -- ~- / |");\ \ gotoxy(hout,32,14);\ printf("\ ~--~ -~ ~- ~--~ /");\ \ gotoxy(hout,33,15);\ printf("~- -~ ~- -~");\ \ gotoxy(hout,35,16);\ printf("~---~ ~--~"); \ \ color(9);\ gotoxy(hout,43,18);\ color(11);\ cout << "贪吃蛇大作战";\ color(14);\ for(i=20;i<=26;i++){\ for(j=27;j<=74;j++)\ {\ gotoxy(hout,j,i);\ if(i==20||i==26)\ {\ cout << "-";\ }\ else if(j==27||j==74)\ {\ cout << "|";\ }\ }\ }\ color(12);\ gotoxy(hout,35,22);\ cout << "1.开始游戏";\ gotoxy(hout,55,22);\ cout << "2.游戏说明";\ gotoxy(hout,35,24);\ cout << "3.退出游戏";\ color(9);\ gotoxy(hout,framex+wide2,framey+19);\ cout << "姓名：C++小将"; \ gotoxy(hout,framex+wide2,framey+21);\ cout << "来自：可达信奥"; \ gotoxy(hout,framex+wide2,framey+23);\ cout << "完成时间：2023年02月09日";\ gotoxy(hout,29,27);\ color(3);\ printf("做出你的选择：");\ color(14);\ int n;\ scanf("%d","&n");\ switch(n){\ case 1: \ system("cls");//清屏 \ break;\ case 2:\ explation(hout);\ break;\ case 3:\ exit(0);\ break;\ }}\ //定义蛇的结构体 \struct Snake{\ int x[100];\ int y[100];\ int speed;\ int length;\ int count;\ int tm1;//开始时间 \ int tm2;//持续时间 };//定义食物的结构体 \struct Food{\ int x;\ int y;};//制作框架 \void makeframe(struct Snake snake){\ //定义显示器变量句柄 \ HANDLE hout=GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);\ gotoxy(hout,framex+wide2+5,framey);\ cout << " 贪吃蛇游戏"; \ gotoxy(hout,framex+wide2+5,framey+3);\ cout << "使用方向键或wasd移动";\ gotoxy(hout,framex+wide2+5,framey+5);\ cout << "长按方向键可加速";\ gotoxy(hout,framex+wide2+5,framey+7);\ cout << "按任意键暂停,方向键继续";\ //打印上边框 \ for(i=0;i<wide2+1;i++){\ gotoxy(hout,framex+i,framey);\ cout << "";\ }\ //打印下边框 \ for(i=0;i<wide2+2;i++){\ gotoxy(hout,framex+i,framey+high);\ cout << "";\ }\ //打印左边框 \ for(i=0;i<high;i++){\ gotoxy(hout,framex,framey+i);\ cout << "";\ }\ //打印右边框 \ for(i=0;i<high;i++){\ gotoxy(hout,framex+wide2+1,framey+i);\ cout << "";\ }}//游戏信息\void infor(HANDLE hout,struct Snake* snake){\ gotoxy(hout,framex+wide2+5,framey+15);\ printf("当前速度:%d",-snake->speed+500);\ gotoxy(hout,framex+wide2+5,framey+17);\ printf("当前得分:%d",snake->count);\ gotoxy(hout,framex+wide2+5,framey+19);\ printf("当前长度:%d",snake->length);\ gotoxy(hout,framex+wide2+5,framey+21);\ snake->tm2=time(NULL);\ snake->tm2-=snake->tm1;\ printf("蛇已经活了:%d秒",snake->tm2);}\ //初始化蛇 \void initsnake(struct Snake *snake){\ snake->x[0]=framex+2;\ snake->y[0]=framey+high/2;\ snake->count=0;\ snake->length=3;\ snake->speed=400;\ snake->tm1=time(NULL);\ \ //初始化由蛇尾至蛇头的坐标 \ for(i=1;ilength;i++){\ snake->x[i]=snake->x[i-1]+1;\ snake->y[i]=snake->y[i-1];\ }}//打印蛇 \void printsnake(HANDLE hout ,struct Snake snake){\ for(i=0;ilength;i++){\ gotoxy(hout,snake->x[i],snake->y[i]);\ if(i==snake->length-1) \ cout << "头";\ else if(i==0)\ cout << "尾";\ else \ cout << "身"; \ }}//移动蛇 \void movesnake(HANDLE hout,struct Snake snake){\ gotoxy(hout,snake->x[0],snake->y[0]);\ //清除蛇尾 \ printf(" ");\ //蛇的后一节坐标变成前一节的坐标 \ for(i=1;ilength;i++){\ snake->x[i-1]=snake->x[i];\ snake->y[i-1]=snake->y[i];\ }}//打印食物 \void printfood (HANDLE hout,struct Snake snake,struct Food food){\ //用计算机时间获取随机值 \ srand((unsigned)time(NULL));\ while(1){\ //将食物的横纵坐标的大小限定在窗口大小内 \ food->x=rand()%(wide-2)+1;\ food->y=rand()%(high-2)+1;\ //避免食物出现在边框上 \ if(food->x==0&&food->y==0)\ continue;\ //将食物的坐标放置在窗口内 \ food->x=2food->x+framex;\ food->y+=framey;\ //如果食物出现在蛇上，重新产生食物 \ for(i=0;ilength;i++){\ if(food->x==snake->x[i]&&food->y==snake->y[i])\ break;\ }\ //食物不在蛇上，打印食物，结束循环 \ if(i==snake->length){\ gotoxy(hout,food->x,food->y);\ cout << "食";\ break; \ }\ }\ }//吃食物 \void eatfood(HANDLE hout,struct Snake * snake,struct Food food){\ //如果蛇头的坐标等于食物的坐标 \ if(snake->x[snake->length-1]==food->x&&snake->y[snake->length-1]==food->y){\ //蛇长加一 \ snake->length++;\ //蛇身（不包括蛇尾）整体像前移动一格 \ for(i=snake->length-1;i>0;i--){\ snake->x[i]=snake->x[i-1];\ snake->y[i]=snake->y[i-1];\ }\ //得到蛇尾的坐标（即蛇移动前的蛇尾坐标） \ snake->x[0]=a[0]; \ snake->y[0]=a[1];\ printfood(hout,snake,food);\ snake->count++;\ if(snake->count%3==0)\ snake->speed-=50;\ }}//死亡判断 \int ifdead(struct Snake snake){\ //如果碰到左边界返回0；\ if(snake->x[snake->length-1]==framex)\ return 0;\ //如果碰到右边界返回0；\ if(snake->x[snake->length-1]==framex+wide2)\ return 0;\ //如果碰到上边界返回0；\ if(snake->y[snake->length-1]==framey)\ return 0;\ //如果碰到下边界返回0；\ if(snake->y[snake->length-1]==framey+high)\ return 0;\ //如果碰到自己身体返回0； \ for(i=0; ilength-1; i++) \ if( snake->x[snake->length-1]==snake->x[i] && snake->y[snake->length-1]==snake->y[i] ) \ return 0;\ //否则返回1； \ return 1;}//开始游戏 \int main(){\ unsigned char ch =77;\ //定义显示器句柄 \ HANDLE hout = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);\ cover(hout);\ struct Snake s, *snake=&s;\ struct Food f, *food=&f;\ initsnake(snake);\ makeframe(*snake);\ printfood(hout,snake,food);\ Sleep(500);\ while(1){\ infor(hout,snake);\ //保存蛇尾横纵坐标 \ a[0]=snake->x[0];\ a[1]=snake->y[0];\ j=0;\ //如果用户敲击键盘\ if(kbhit()){ \ //用ch接收输入，注意是getch()，不需敲击回车\ ch=getch();\ if(kbhit()){\ //长按时间\ Sleep(20);\ j=1;\ }\ }\ switch(ch){\ //向上移动 \ case'W':\ case 'w' :\ case 72:{\ movesnake(hout,snake);\ //蛇头纵坐标减一 \ snake->y[snake->length-1]-=1;\ break;\ }\ //向下移动 \ case'S':\ case 's':\ case 80:{\ movesnake(hout,snake);\ //蛇头纵坐标加一 \ snake->y[snake->length-1]+=1;\ break;\ }\ //向左移动 \ case'A':\ case 'a':\ case 75:{\ movesnake(hout,snake);\ //蛇头横坐标减二 \ snake->x[snake->length-1]-=2;\ break;\ }\ //向右移动 \ case'D':\ case 'd':\ case 77:{\ movesnake(hout,snake);\ //蛇头横坐标加二 \ snake->x[snake->length-1]+=2;\ break;\ }\ }\ \ eatfood(hout,snake,food);\ printsnake(hout,snake);\ //如果判断蛇死亡，跳出循环\ if(ifdead(snake)==0||ch==27||snake->speed==0){\ gotoxy(hout,framex+wide/2,framey-2);\ if(snake->speed==0)\ printf("恭喜你通关了！！!");\ else\ printf("糟糕 T_T");\ break;\ }\ \ if(j==0)\ //如果没有长按，蛇滞留的时间为 \ Sleep(snake->speed);\ //如果长按，蛇滞留的时间为 20ms，即加速 \ else \ Sleep(20);\ }\ //跳出循环时，滞留死亡场景一段时间\ Sleep(1000);\ //清屏 \ system("cls");\ //显示结束界面 \ if(snake->speed==0) \ printf("\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t哈哈，你赢了\n\n\t\t\t你得到了满分：24\n\n\n");\ else \ printf("\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t哈哈，你输了\n\n\t\t\t你的最终得分是：%d\n\n\n",snake->count); \ Sleep(1000);\ system("cls");\ //递归调用main函数，死亡之后回到主界面 \ main();\ return 0; \