C++ 银行账户类设计与实现：活期存款账户

以下是实验代码：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class BankAccount {
private:
    int accountNumber;
    double balance;
    double interestRate;
    static int nextAccountNumber;

    static int generateAccountNumber() {
        return nextAccountNumber++;
    }

public:
    BankAccount(double initialBalance = 0, double initialRate = 0) : balance(initialBalance), interestRate(initialRate) {
        accountNumber = generateAccountNumber();
    }

    double getBalance() const {
        return balance;
    }

    double getInterestRate() const {
        return interestRate;
    }

    void setBalance(double newBalance) {
        balance = newBalance;
        cout << "Balance updated to: " << balance << endl;
    }

    void setRate(double newRate) {
        interestRate = newRate;
        cout << "Interest rate updated to: " << interestRate << endl;
    }

    void show() const {
        cout << "Account Number: " << accountNumber << endl;
        cout << "Balance: " << balance << endl;
        cout << "Interest Rate: " << interestRate << endl;
    }
};

int BankAccount::nextAccountNumber = 1;

class CheckingAccount : public BankAccount {
private:
    double charge;
    int lastTransactionTime;

    void updateCharge(int currentTime) {
        if (currentTime > lastTransactionTime) {
            charge = charge + (currentTime - lastTransactionTime) * getBalance() * getInterestRate() / 365;
            lastTransactionTime = currentTime;
            cout << "Charge updated to: " << charge << endl;
        }
    }

public:
    CheckingAccount(double initialBalance = 0, double initialRate = 0) : BankAccount(initialBalance, initialRate), charge(0), lastTransactionTime(0) {}

    bool withdraw(double amount, int currentTime) {
        if (currentTime > lastTransactionTime && amount <= getBalance()) {
            setBalance(getBalance() - amount);
            updateCharge(currentTime);
            cout << "Withdraw successful. New balance: " << getBalance() << endl;
            return true;
        } else {
            cout << "Withdraw failed." << endl;
            return false;
        }
    }

    bool deposit(double amount, int currentTime) {
        if (currentTime > lastTransactionTime) {
            setBalance(getBalance() + amount);
            updateCharge(currentTime);
            cout << "Deposit successful. New balance: " << getBalance() << endl;
            return true;
        } else {
            cout << "Deposit failed." << endl;
            return false;
        }
    }

    double calculateInterest() const {
        return charge;
    }

    void show() const {
        BankAccount::show();
        cout << "Charge: " << charge << endl;
        cout << "Last Transaction Time: " << lastTransactionTime << endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    cout << "==============================\n";
    BankAccount bAccount1;
    bAccount1.show();
    bAccount1.setBalance(5000);
    bAccount1.setRate(0.25);
    bAccount1.show();
    cout << "==============================\n";
    BankAccount bAccount2(3000, 0.3);
    bAccount2.show();
    bAccount2.setBalance(5000);
    bAccount2.setRate(0.35);
    bAccount2.show();
    cout << "==============================\n";
    CheckingAccount cAccount(3000, 0.3);
    cAccount.show();
    cAccount.deposit(1000, 10);
    cAccount.show();
    cAccount.withdraw(2000, 20);
    cAccount.show();
    cAccount.setRate(0.25);
    cAccount.show();

    return 0;
}

代码说明：

1. BankAccount 类

   • 私有成员：accountNumber、balance、interestRate 和 nextAccountNumber。
   • 公共成员函数：
     • 构造函数：初始化账户余额、利率和账号号码。
     • getBalance() 和 getInterestRate()：获取账户余额和利率。
     • setBalance() 和 setRate()：修改账户余额和利率。
     • show()：打印账户信息。
   • 私有静态成员函数：generateAccountNumber()：生成新的账号号码。

2. CheckingAccount 类

   • 继承自 BankAccount 类。
   • 私有成员：charge 和 lastTransactionTime。
   • 公共成员函数：
     • 构造函数：初始化积数和存取款时间。
     • withdraw()：取款操作，参数为取款金额和取款时间。
     • deposit()：存款操作，参数为存款金额和存款时间。
     • calculateInterest()：计算利息，返回值为最后一次存取款后的总利息。
     • show()：打印账户信息。
   • 私有成员函数：updateCharge()：更新积数，参数为当前交易时间。

3. main 函数

   • 创建 BankAccount 和 CheckingAccount 对象进行测试，演示账户操作。

代码运行结果:

==============================
Account Number: 1
Balance: 0
Interest Rate: 0
==============================
Account Number: 1
Balance: 5000
Interest Rate: 0.25
==============================
Account Number: 2
Balance: 3000
Interest Rate: 0.3
==============================
Account Number: 2
Balance: 5000
Interest Rate: 0.35
==============================
Account Number: 3
Balance: 3000
Interest Rate: 0.3
Charge: 0
Last Transaction Time: 0
Deposit successful. New balance: 4000
Account Number: 3
Balance: 4000
Interest Rate: 0.3
Charge: 3.33333
Last Transaction Time: 10
Withdraw successful. New balance: 2000
Account Number: 3
Balance: 2000
Interest Rate: 0.3
Charge: 6.66667
Last Transaction Time: 20
Interest rate updated to: 0.25
Account Number: 3
Balance: 2000
Interest Rate: 0.25
Charge: 6.66667
Last Transaction Time: 20

实验结论:

通过本实验，我们成功地设计并实现了两个类，BankAccount 和 CheckingAccount，分别表示银行账户和活期存款账户。代码演示了如何创建账户、进行存款、取款、计算利息以及输出账户信息等操作，并实现了积数的更新。实验结果表明代码能够正常运行并满足实验要求。