C++ 银行账号类设计与实现：活期存款账户

以下是实现代码：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// 表示银行账号的类
class BankAccount {
private:
    int accountNumber; // 账号号码
    double balance; // 余额
    double rate; // 利率
    static int nextAccountNumber; // 静态成员变量，用于生成新的账号号码

    // 私有静态成员函数，用于生成新账号号码
    static int generateAccountNumber() {
        return nextAccountNumber++;
    }

public:
    // 构造函数
    BankAccount(double initialBalance = 0, double initialRate = 0) : balance(initialBalance), rate(initialRate) {
        accountNumber = generateAccountNumber();
    }

    // 返回余额
    double getBalance() const {
        return balance;
    }

    // 返回利率
    double getRate() const {
        return rate;
    }

    // 修改余额
    void setBalance(double newBalance) {
        balance = newBalance;
        cout << "余额已修改为: " << balance << endl;
    }

    // 修改利率
    void setRate(double newRate) {
        rate = newRate;
        cout << "利率已修改为: " << rate << endl;
    }

    // 打印账号信息
    void show() const {
        cout << "账号号码: " << accountNumber << endl;
        cout << "余额: " << balance << endl;
        cout << "利率: " << rate << endl;
    }
};

// 初始化静态成员变量
int BankAccount::nextAccountNumber = 1;

// 表示活期存款账号的类
class CheckingAccount : public BankAccount {
private:
    double charge; // 积数
    int lastTransactionTime; // 上一次存取款时间

public:
    // 构造函数
    CheckingAccount(double initialBalance = 0, double initialRate = 0) : BankAccount(initialBalance, initialRate), charge(0), lastTransactionTime(0) {}

    // 更新积数
    void updateCharge(int currentTime) {
        if (currentTime > lastTransactionTime) {
            double previousBalance = getBalance(); // 获取上一次存款余额
            charge += previousBalance * getRate() * (currentTime - lastTransactionTime) / 365; // 计算并更新积数
            lastTransactionTime = currentTime; // 更新时间
            cout << "积数已更新为: " << charge << endl;
        } else {
            cout << "交易时间无效！无法更新积数。" << endl;
        }
    }

    // 取款函数
    bool withdraw(double amount, int currentTime) {
        if (currentTime > lastTransactionTime && amount <= getBalance()) {
            setBalance(getBalance() - amount); // 修改余额
            updateCharge(currentTime); // 更新积数
            cout << "取款成功！" << endl;
            return true;
        } else {
            cout << "取款失败！" << endl;
            return false;
        }
    }

    // 存款函数
    bool deposit(double amount, int currentTime) {
        if (currentTime > lastTransactionTime) {
            setBalance(getBalance() + amount); // 修改余额
            updateCharge(currentTime); // 更新积数
            cout << "存款成功！" << endl;
            return true;
        } else {
            cout << "存款失败！" << endl;
            return false;
        }
    }

    // 计算利息
    double calculateInterest() const {
        return charge; // 使用积数计算利息
    }

    // 输出账户信息
    void show() const {
        BankAccount::show(); // 输出父类信息
        cout << "积数: " << charge << endl;
        cout << "上一次存取款时间: " << lastTransactionTime << endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    cout << "==============================\n";
    BankAccount bAccount1;
    bAccount1.show();
    bAccount1.setBalance(5000);
    bAccount1.setRate(0.25);
    bAccount1.show();
    cout << "==============================\n";
    BankAccount bAccount2(3000,0.3);
    bAccount2.show();
    bAccount2.setBalance(5000);
    bAccount2.setRate(0.35);
    bAccount2.show();
    cout << "==============================\n";
    CheckingAccount cAccount(3000,0.3);
    cAccount.show();
    cAccount.deposit(1000, 10);
    cAccount.show();
    cAccount.withdraw(2000, 20);
    cAccount.show();
    cAccount.setRate(0.25);
    cAccount.show();

    return 0;
}