Hegel and Marx on Civil Society: A Study of Community Split and Reconstruction

I will take the concept of 'civil society' as the core, delve into the texts of Hegel and Marx, and discuss the 'split and reconstruction of the community' in stages. The proposed research plan is as follows: (1) From September to December 2023, read relevant literature on Hegel's 'real system' during his Jena period, understand the works of Smith and the Scottish Enlightenment, explore Hegel's classical views on 'ethics' and contradictory attitude towards modern 'civil society' in his early days; (2) From January to April 2024, read Hegel's lectures on legal philosophy in the mid-term and his later work 'Principles of Legal Philosophy'. Analyze the turning points and key elements of Hegel's attitude towards modern society from negative to positive, explore how Hegel infused rich connotations into the concept of 'civil society' and reconstructed ethics as a stage of the split of the ethical community; (3) From May to August 2024, read Marx's early critical literature on Hegel's legal philosophy, understand the relevant historical background, and analyze how Marx used the concept of 'civil society' as a clue to criticize capitalism and construct the future community.