Carotid Plaque Neovascularization: A Chain Reaction Leading to Stroke

The development of new blood vessels (neovascularization) within carotid artery plaques is a critical factor in the progression of atherosclerosis and the occurrence of stroke. This neovascularization contributes to the formation of floating thrombi and weakens the plaque, making it prone to rupture and ulceration. This chain reaction can have devastating consequences:

1. Neovascularization: New blood vessels within the plaque are fragile and leaky, promoting inflammation and further plaque growth.
2. Floating Thrombi Formation: These fragile vessels can rupture, triggering the formation of blood clots (thrombi) on the plaque surface. These thrombi are prone to detachment.
3. Plaque Rupture and Ulceration: The presence of neovascularization and floating thrombi weakens the plaque, increasing the risk of rupture. This exposes the underlying tissue to the bloodstream.
4. Stroke: When a floating thrombus breaks away from the plaque, it can travel to the brain and block blood flow, leading to a stroke.

Understanding the role of neovascularization in carotid artery plaques is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies for stroke. By targeting neovascularization, we may be able to stabilize plaques, reduce the risk of thrombus formation, and ultimately prevent strokes.