A given movement requires the precise coordination or synergy of multiple muscles in time space and amplitude As an anti-gravity and multi-joint movement upright standing places a heavier demand on mu

A precise coordination of multiple muscles is required for any given movement, including upright standing, which places a heavier demand on multi-muscle coordination due to its anti-gravity and multi-joint nature. The primary postural muscles of the body's trunk, hips, thighs, and calves work together to maintain postural stability during standing, relying on an intact sensory-motor circuit. However, stroke survivors may experience damaged pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems, leading to the interruption of descending motor paths and altered muscle coordination patterns. Previous studies have shown that stroke survivors may exhibit changes in muscular interactions during arm reaching and gait, which could serve as physiological markers of motor cortical damage. However, there is a lack of detailed knowledge about the changing characteristics of muscle coordination in stroke survivors during standing