what is contingent convertible” bonds?

Contingent convertible bonds, also known as "CoCo" bonds, are a type of hybrid security that combines elements of both debt and equity. These bonds are issued by financial institutions to raise capital, with the condition that they will automatically convert into equity if certain predetermined triggers are met.

The triggers for conversion are typically related to the financial health of the issuing institution. For example, if the bank's capital ratio falls below a certain threshold, the bonds will convert into equity, helping to bolster the bank's balance sheet.

CoCo bonds are considered a form of capital buffer for financial institutions, providing an additional layer of protection against future losses. However, they are also considered to be riskier than traditional bonds, as there is a chance that investors could lose their principal if the bonds convert into equity and the bank's stock price declines.

Overall, CoCo bonds are a complex financial instrument that require a thorough understanding of the underlying risks and triggers for conversion.