The Illusion of Security: A Critical Analysis of Nadine Gordimer's 'Once upon a time'

The Illusion of Security: A Critical Analysis of Nadine Gordimer's 'Once upon a time'

1. Fairy Tale Structure and its Significance:

Nadine Gordimer's 'Once upon a time' cleverly utilizes a familiar fairy tale structure to highlight the stark contrast between the idealized notion of 'happily ever after' and the harsh realities of apartheid in South Africa. The story's opening, 'Once upon a time,' immediately evokes a sense of comfort and familiarity, drawing readers into a seemingly safe and predictable narrative. However, this initial sense of security is quickly shattered as Gordimer introduces the family's obsession with protecting themselves from the perceived dangers lurking outside their home.

2. Gordimer's Political Commentary:

Through the family's extreme security measures – the walls, electric fences, and constant fear – Gordimer subtly yet powerfully criticizes the apartheid regime and its dehumanizing effects on both the oppressed and the oppressors. The family's isolation within their fortress-like home reflects the self-imposed segregation and paranoia that permeated South African society under apartheid. Gordimer's own experiences with censorship – her books were banned in South Africa for a time – further underscore the story's political subtext and her unwavering commitment to exposing injustice.

3. The Unstated Outcome and its Implications:

Gordimer masterfully leaves the ending of 'Once upon a time' open to interpretation. The family's fate remains uncertain, but the suggestion that their security measures ultimately fail to protect them leaves readers with a lingering sense of unease. This ambiguity serves to emphasize the futility of seeking security through division and fear. The 'happily ever after' promised by the fairy tale structure is revealed to be a dangerous illusion, shattered by the realities of a society fractured by prejudice and fear.

4. The 'Wise Old Witch' and the Apartheid Government:

The repeated reference to the husband's mother as a 'wise old witch' can be interpreted as a symbolic representation of the apartheid government. Just as a witch is often depicted as a figure of power and control, the government during apartheid wielded immense authority over the lives of its citizens. The term 'wise' takes on an ironic connotation, suggesting that the government's actions, though seemingly calculated and strategic, were ultimately destructive and morally bankrupt.

5. Symbolism of the Cat:

The cat in 'Once upon a time' serves as a powerful symbol of the very dangers that the family seeks to keep out. Its ability to move freely between the inside and outside of the house highlights the artificiality and ultimate fragility of the family's attempts to isolate themselves. The cat's tragic death foreshadows the potential consequences of living in a society consumed by fear and division.

6. The Theme of Illusionary Security:

Through her masterful use of fairy tale structure, symbolism, and political allegory, Gordimer weaves a powerful narrative about the illusory nature of security in a divided society. The story serves as a cautionary tale, reminding readers that true security and happiness cannot be achieved through isolation and fear. Instead, Gordimer seems to suggest that genuine peace and harmony can only arise from confronting and dismantling the systems of oppression that perpetuate division and inequality.