strengthening-mechanism-of-transition-metal-borides

There are several strengthening mechanisms of transition metal borides, including:

1. Grain boundary strengthening: Grain boundaries are the regions between individual grains in a material. In transition metal borides, the presence of boron atoms at the grain boundaries increases the strength of the material by preventing the dislocation movement across the grain boundaries.

2. Solution strengthening: Solution strengthening occurs when impurities are added to a material, which increases the strength of the material by hindering the movement of dislocations. In transition metal borides, the addition of impurities such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen can increase the strength of the material.

3. Precipitation strengthening: Precipitation strengthening occurs when a second phase is precipitated within a material, which strengthens the material by impeding the movement of dislocations. In transition metal borides, the precipitation of secondary phases such as carbides and nitrides can increase the strength of the material.

4. Work hardening: Work hardening occurs when a material is subjected to plastic deformation, which increases the strength of the material by introducing dislocations. In transition metal borides, the deformation of the material through processes such as cold rolling and forging can increase the strength of the material.

5. Solid solution strengthening: Solid solution strengthening occurs when the size and/or shape of the atoms in a material are altered by the addition of impurities, which increases the strength of the material by hindering the movement of dislocations. In transition metal borides, the addition of elements such as aluminum, chromium, and silicon can increase the strength of the material through solid solution strengthening.