Bhutan's Unique Development Philosophy: Gross National Happiness in a Modern World

In an increasingly modern society, Bhutan's unique development philosophy is worth studying and reflecting upon. Bhutan is the last country to open up to television and the internet, with a mobile phone penetration rate of only 30% and internet penetration rate of 5%, seemingly out of touch with the modern world. While other countries are striving for economic development at any cost to boost GDP, Bhutan pursues 'Gross National Happiness' as its goal. Bhutan believes that happiness lies in managing desires reasonably, achieving a balance between material and spiritual well-being, modernity and tradition, as well as economic growth and sustainable development. They are willing to embrace the benefits of modern technology, but at their own pace and according to their own needs, at a time they deem appropriate. They also desire economic prosperity, but not at the expense of their cherished traditional culture and environmental sustainability.