Are We Born Criminal? Exploring the Nature vs. Nurture Debate in Criminology

The author reviews existing research literature by discussing various theories and studies related to the question of whether we are born criminal. They provide a brief overview of the theories proposed by Raffaele Garofalo and Cesare Lombroso, highlighting their flaws and lack of evidence. They also discuss the labeling theory and its proponents, as well as the correlation between criminal behavior and factors such as familial influences, intelligence, and genetics.\n\nOne example of how the author reviews existing research literature is in the discussion of "The Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development." They provide a summary of the study, its methodology, and its findings regarding the intergenerational transmission of criminal behavior. This example demonstrates how the author presents the research study and its implications in order to support their argument.\n\nAnother example is the discussion of studies that have found a correlation between intelligence and crime. The author cites specific studies such as Moffitt et al. (1981) and Denno (1994), summarizing their findings and contrasting them with the argument made by Menard and Morse (1984). This example shows how the author presents different perspectives and conflicting evidence in order to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing research.