Python 图形界面简易计算器：代码示例和解释

下面是用 Python 编写的简易图形化计算器的示例代码：\n\npython\nfrom tkinter import *\n\ndef button_click(number):\n current = entry.get()\n entry.delete(0, END)\n entry.insert(0, current + str(number))\n\ndef button_clear():\n entry.delete(0, END)\n\ndef button_add():\n first_number = entry.get()\n global f_num\n global math_operation\n math_operation = "addition"\n f_num = float(first_number)\n entry.delete(0, END)\n\ndef button_subtract():\n first_number = entry.get()\n global f_num\n global math_operation\n math_operation = "subtraction"\n f_num = float(first_number)\n entry.delete(0, END)\n\ndef button_multiply():\n first_number = entry.get()\n global f_num\n global math_operation\n math_operation = "multiplication"\n f_num = float(first_number)\n entry.delete(0, END)\n\ndef button_divide():\n first_number = entry.get()\n global f_num\n global math_operation\n math_operation = "division"\n f_num = float(first_number)\n entry.delete(0, END)\n\ndef button_equal():\n second_number = entry.get()\n entry.delete(0, END)\n if math_operation == "addition":\n entry.insert(0, f_num + float(second_number))\n elif math_operation == "subtraction":\n entry.insert(0, f_num - float(second_number))\n elif math_operation == "multiplication":\n entry.insert(0, f_num * float(second_number))\n elif math_operation == "division":\n entry.insert(0, f_num / float(second_number))\n\nroot = Tk()\nroot.title("Simple Calculator")\n\nentry = Entry(root, width=30, borderwidth=5)\nentry.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=4, padx=10, pady=10)\n\nbutton_1 = Button(root, text="1", padx=20, pady=10, command=lambda: button_click(1))\nbutton_2 = Button(root, text="2", padx=20, pady=10, command=lambda: button_click(2))\nbutton_3 = Button(root, text="3", padx=20, pady=10, command=lambda: button_click(3))\nbutton_4 = Button(root, text="4", padx=20, pady=10, command=lambda: button_click(4))\nbutton_5 = Button(root, text="5", padx=20, pady=10, command=lambda: button_click(5))\nbutton_6 = Button(root, text="6", padx=20, pady=10, command=lambda: button_click(6))\nbutton_7 = Button(root, text="7", padx=20, pady=10, command=lambda: button_click(7))\nbutton_8 = Button(root, text="8", padx=20, pady=10, command=lambda: button_click(8))\nbutton_9 = Button(root, text="9", padx=20, pady=10, command=lambda: button_click(9))\nbutton_0 = Button(root, text="0", padx=20, pady=10, command=lambda: button_click(0))\nbutton_add = Button(root, text="+", padx=19, pady=10, command=button_add)\nbutton_subtract = Button(root, text="-", padx=20, pady=10, command=button_subtract)\nbutton_multiply = Button(root, text="*", padx=20, pady=10, command=button_multiply)\nbutton_divide = Button(root, text="/", padx=20, pady=10, command=button_divide)\nbutton_equal = Button(root, text="=", padx=19, pady=10, command=button_equal)\nbutton_clear = Button(root, text="Clear", padx=10, pady=10, command=button_clear)\n\nbutton_1.grid(row=3, column=0)\nbutton_2.grid(row=3, column=1)\nbutton_3.grid(row=3, column=2)\nbutton_4.grid(row=2, column=0)\nbutton_5.grid(row=2, column=1)\nbutton_6.grid(row=2, column=2)\nbutton_7.grid(row=1, column=0)\nbutton_8.grid(row=1, column=1)\nbutton_9.grid(row=1, column=2)\nbutton_0.grid(row=4, column=1)\nbutton_add.grid(row=4, column=0)\nbutton_subtract.grid(row=4, column=2)\nbutton_multiply.grid(row=5, column=0)\nbutton_divide.grid(row=5, column=2)\nbutton_equal.grid(row=5, column=1)\nbutton_clear.grid(row=6, column=0, columnspan=3)\n\nroot.mainloop()\n\n\n这个简易计算器使用了tkinter模块来创建图形界面，包含数字按钮、运算符按钮和一个结果显示框。用户可以通过点击按钮来输入数字和进行基本的四则运算。运算结果将显示在结果显示框中。\n\n代码解读:\n\n1. 导入 tkinter 库: from tkinter import *\n2. 定义按钮点击函数: button_click(number) 函数用于处理数字按钮的点击事件，将数字追加到显示框中。\n3. 定义清空函数: button_clear() 函数用于清空显示框内容。\n4. 定义运算符函数: button_add(), button_subtract(), button_multiply(), button_divide() 分别处理加减乘除运算，将第一个操作数存储起来，并记录当前的运算符。\n5. 定义等号函数: button_equal() 函数用于执行计算，根据记录的运算符进行相应的加减乘除运算，并将结果显示在显示框中。\n6. 创建主窗口: root = Tk() 创建主窗口，root.title("Simple Calculator") 设置窗口标题。\n7. 创建显示框: entry = Entry(root, width=30, borderwidth=5) 创建一个显示框，用于显示数字和计算结果。\n8. 创建按钮: 使用 Button() 创建数字按钮、运算符按钮和清空按钮，并设置它们的文本、大小、位置和点击事件处理函数。\n9. 使用 grid() 布局: 将按钮和显示框按照网格状排列在窗口中。\n10. 启动窗口: root.mainloop() 启动主窗口，进入事件循环，等待用户操作。\n\n使用说明:\n\n1. 运行程序后，会弹出一个名为 “Simple Calculator” 的窗口。\n2. 点击数字按钮输入数字，点击运算符按钮选择运算符，最后点击等号按钮进行计算。\n3. 点击清空按钮可以清除显示框中的内容。\n\n希望这篇文章对你有所帮助！\n\n更多功能:\n\n你可以通过添加更多代码来实现更复杂的计算功能，例如：\n\n* 添加小数点按钮。\n* 添加百分比按钮。\n* 添加记忆功能。\n* 支持负数运算。\n* 支持科学计算功能。\n\n注意:\n\n* 本示例只包含基本的四则运算，实际应用中可以根据需要进行扩展。\n* 代码中使用了 global 关键字来访问全局变量，在实际应用中应该谨慎使用全局变量，尽量使用局部变量或对象属性。\n* 代码中没有对输入进行校验，可能会导致程序出错，在实际应用中应该进行输入校验。\n\n希望这篇文章对你学习 Python 有所帮助！