Java Exception Hierarchy: A Comprehensive Guide - Error, Exception, Checked & Unchecked

Java\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u4ee5Throwable\u7c7b\u4e3a\u6839\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\uff1aError\u548cException\u3002\n\n1\uff0eError\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u7531Java\u865a\u62df\u673a\u629b\u51fa\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982OutOfMemoryError\u8868\u793a\u5185\u5b58\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0cStackOverflowError\u8868\u793a\u6808\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002\n\n2\uff0eException\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002Exception\u53c8\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\n\n\u2003-\u2003CheckedException\uff1a\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u5904\u7406\u6216\u58f0\u660e\u629b\u51fa\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u4f8b\u5982IOException\uff0cSQLException\u3002\n\n\u2003-\u2003UncheckedException\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3aRuntimeException\uff09\uff1a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u5904\u7406\u6216\u58f0\u660e\u629b\u51fa\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u4f8b\u5982NullPointerException\uff0cArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException\u3002\n\n\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\u90fd\u662fThrowable\u7c7b\u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7try-catch\u8bed\u53e5\u629b\u9664\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u3002try\u5757\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0ccatch\u5757\u7528\u4e8e\u629b\u9664\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2acatch\u5757\u6765\u629b\u9664\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528finally\u5757\u6765\u6267\u884c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002