Homomorphic Encryption Libraries Comparison: Performance, Usability, and More

"\begin{table}[h]\n\centering\n\caption{Comparison of Homomorphic Encryption Libraries}\n\label{tab:libraries}\n\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|}\n\hline\n\textbf{Library} & \textbf{Performance} & \textbf{Usability} & \textbf{Interoperability} & \textbf{Functionality} & \textbf{Scalability} \hline\nHElib & Fast and optimized for BGV and CKKS schemes with bootstrapping & C++ library with low-level API and documentation & Supports binary and large plaintext spaces & Implements full-RNS variants of BGV and CKKS schemes & Supports multiparty homomorphic encryption with secret-shared keys \hline\nSEAL & Fast and optimized for BFV and CKKS schemes with batching & C++ library with high-level API and documentation & Supports binary and large plaintext spaces & Implements full-RNS variants of BFV and CKKS schemes & Supports multiparty homomorphic encryption with public keys \hline\nFV-NFLlib & Comparable to HElib and SEAL for large plaintext spaces & C++ library with single header file and documentation & Supports large plaintext spaces & Implements full-RNS variant of FV scheme & No multiparty homomorphic encryption support \hline\nConcrete & Comparable to HElib and SEAL for small plaintext spaces & Rust library with high-level API and documentation & Supports binary and small plaintext spaces & Implements TFHE, FV, BGV and CKKS schemes with bootstrapping & No multiparty homomorphic encryption support \hline\nNuFHE & GPU implementation of TFHE scheme with NTT or FFT & Python library with high-level API and documentation & Supports binary plaintext space & Implements TFHE scheme with bootstrapping & No multiparty homomorphic encryption support \hline\nLattigo & Comparable to HElib and SEAL for BGV and CKKS schemes & Go library with high-level API and documentation & Supports binary and large plaintext spaces & Implements full-RNS variants of BGV and CKKS schemes with bootstrapping & Supports multiparty homomorphic encryption with secret-shared keys \hline\nPALISADE & Comparable to HElib and SEAL for various schemes & C++ library with high-level API and documentation & Supports binary and large plaintext spaces & Implements BFV, BGV, CKKS, LTV, FV, Stehle-Steinfeld, Regev, NTRU schemes with bootstrapping & Supports multiparty homomorphic encryption with public keys \hline\nFHEW & Comparable to NuFHE for TFHE scheme with FFT & C++ library with low-level API and documentation & Supports binary plaintext space & Implements TFHE scheme with bootstrapping & No multiparty homomorphic encryption support \hline\n\end{tabular}\n\end{table}