用 MATLAB 编写俄罗斯方块游戏 - 完整指南和代码示例 - 常规

由于游戏俄罗斯方块涉及到图形界面和交互操作，因此需要使用 MATLAB 的 GUI 编程工具箱来实现。
创建 GUI 界面
首先，打开 MATLAB，选择新建 GUI 界面，创建一个空白的 GUI 窗口。在窗口中添加一个 axes 控件，用于显示游戏界面。
编写游戏逻辑
游戏逻辑包括方块的移动、旋转、下落以及消除等操作。这些操作可以通过编写 MATLAB 函数来实现。
实现用户操作
用户操作包括按键控制方块的移动和旋转等。可以使用 MATLAB 的回调函数来实现按键响应。
实现游戏界面更新
游戏界面的更新需要实时显示方块的位置和状态，以及消除行的效果。可以使用 MATLAB 的绘图函数来实现。
添加游戏控制逻辑
游戏控制逻辑包括游戏开始、暂停、结束等操作。可以使用 MATLAB 的按钮控件来实现。
测试游戏
完成以上步骤后，运行程序进行测试。可以通过不同的难度等级和速度来测试游戏的可玩性。
示例代码：
以下是一个简单的 MATLAB 俄罗斯方块游戏实现的示例代码：
function varargout = tetris(varargin)
% TETRIS MATLAB code for tetris.fig
%      TETRIS, by itself, creates a new TETRIS or raises the existing
%      singleton*.
%
%      H = TETRIS returns the handle to a new TETRIS or the handle to
%      the existing singleton*.
%
%      TETRIS('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
%      function named CALLBACK in TETRIS.M with the given input arguments.
%
%      TETRIS('Property','Value',...) creates a new TETRIS or raises the
%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are
%      applied to the GUI before tetris_OpeningFcn gets called.  An
%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
%      stop.  All inputs are passed to tetris_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one
%      instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES

% Edit the above text to modify the response to help tetris

% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 08-May-2021 12:11:43

% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...
                   'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...
                   'gui_OpeningFcn', @tetris_OpeningFcn, ...
                   'gui_OutputFcn',  @tetris_OutputFcn, ...
                   'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...
                   'gui_Callback',   []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end

if nargout
    [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT


% --- Executes just before tetris is made visible.
function tetris_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin   command line arguments to tetris (see VARARGIN)

% Choose default command line output for tetris
handles.output = hObject;

% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);

% UIWAIT makes tetris wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
handles.width = 10;
handles.height = 20;
handles.block_size = 30;
handles.speed = 1;
handles.score = 0;
handles.game_over = false;
handles.blocks = [
    % I block
    0 0 1 0;
    0 0 1 0;
    0 0 1 0;
    0 0 1 0;
    
    % J block
    0 0 0 0;
    0 1 1 0;
    0 1 0 0;
    0 1 0 0;
    
    % L block
    0 0 0 0;
    0 0 1 0;
    0 0 1 0;
    0 1 1 0;
    
    % O block
    0 0 0 0;
    0 1 1 0;
    0 1 1 0;
    0 0 0 0;
    
    % S block
    0 0 0 0;
    0 0 1 1;
    0 1 1 0;
    0 0 0 0;
    
    % T block
    0 0 0 0;
    0 1 1 1;
    0 0 1 0;
    0 0 0 0;
    
    % Z block
    0 0 0 0;
    0 1 1 0;
    0 0 1 1;
    0 0 0 0;
];
handles.colors = [
    0.8 0.8 0.8; % background
    0 1 1; % I block
    0 0 1; % J block
    1 0.5 0; % L block
    1 1 0; % O block
    0 1 0; % S block
    0.5 0 1; % T block
    1 0 0; % Z block
];
handles.grid = zeros(handles.height, handles.width);
handles.figure = [];
handles.current_block = [];
handles.current_color = [];
handles.current_pos = [1 1];
handles.next_block = [];
handles.next_color = [];
handles.score_text = [];
handles.game_over_text = [];
handles.start_button = [];

% Initialize the game
init_game(handles);

% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = tetris_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) 
% varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;


% --- Executes on button press in start_button.
function start_button_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to start_button (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Reset the game
init_game(handles);

% Start the game loop
while ~handles.game_over
    % Move the current block down
    move_down(handles);
    
    % Check for full rows
    check_rows(handles);
    
    % Update the game display
    update_display(handles);
    
    % Pause for a short time
    pause(1/handles.speed);
end

% Show game over message
handles.game_over_text.Visible = 'on';

% Disable the start button
handles.start_button.Enable = 'off';


% --- Move the current block down.
function move_down(handles)
% hObject    handle to start_button (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Move the block down
handles.current_pos(1) = handles.current_pos(1) + 1;

% Check for collision
if check_collision(handles)
    % Undo the move
    handles.current_pos(1) = handles.current_pos(1) - 1;
    
    % Add the block to the grid
    add_block_to_grid(handles);
    
    % Create a new block
    new_block(handles);
end


% --- Check for collision between the current block and the grid.
function collision = check_collision(handles)
% hObject    handle to start_button (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get the coordinates of the current block
[row, col] = find(handles.current_block);

% Check for collision with the grid
for k = 1:length(row)
    r = handles.current_pos(1) + row(k) - 1;
    c = handles.current_pos(2) + col(k) - 1;
    if r < 1 || r > handles.height || c < 1 || c > handles.width || handles.grid(r, c) ~= 0
        collision = true;
        return;
    end
end

% No collision
collision = false;


% --- Add the current block to the grid.
function add_block_to_grid(handles)
% hObject    handle to start_button (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get the coordinates of the current block
[row, col] = find(handles.current_block);

% Add the block to the grid
for k = 1:length(row)
    r = handles.current_pos(1) + row(k) - 1;
    c = handles.current_pos(2) + col(k) - 1;
    handles.grid(r, c) = handles.current_color;
end


% --- Check for full rows and remove them.
function check_rows(handles)
% hObject    handle to start_button (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Find full rows
full_rows = find(all(handles.grid, 2));

% Remove full rows
if ~isempty(full_rows)
    % Update the score
    handles.score = handles.score + length(full_rows)*100;
    handles.score_text.String = sprintf('Score: %d', handles.score);
    
    % Remove the full rows
    handles.grid(full_rows, :) = [];
    handles.grid = [zeros(length(full_rows), handles.width); handles.grid];
end


% --- Create a new block.
function new_block(handles)
% hObject    handle to start_button (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Set the current block to the next block
handles.current_block = handles.next_block;
handles.current_color = handles.next_color;
handles.current_pos = [1 floor(handles.width/2) - 1];

% Generate a new next block
handles.next_block = handles.blocks(randi(size(handles.blocks, 1), 4, 4));
handles.next_color = randi(size(handles.colors, 1));

% Check for game over
if check_collision(handles)
    handles.game_over = true;
end


% --- Initialize the game.
function init_game(handles)
% hObject    handle to start_button (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Initialize the grid
handles.grid = zeros(handles.height, handles.width);

% Generate the first block
handles.current_block = handles.blocks(randi(size(handles.blocks, 1), 4, 4));
handles.current_color = randi(size(handles.colors, 1));
handles.current_pos = [1 floor(handles.width/2) - 1];

% Generate the next block
handles.next_block = handles.blocks(randi(size(handles.blocks, 1), 4, 4));
handles.next_color = randi(size(handles.colors, 1));

% Reset the score
handles.score = 0;
handles.score_text.String = sprintf('Score: %d', handles.score);

% Reset the game over flag
handles.game_over = false;

% Hide the game over message
handles.game_over_text.Visible = 'off';

% Enable the start button
handles.start_button.Enable = 'on';

% Update the game display
update_display(handles);


% --- Update the game display.
function update_display(handles)
% hObject    handle to start_button (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Clear the figure
cla(handles.axes1);

% Draw the grid
for r = 1:handles.height
    for c = 1:handles.width
        color = handles.grid(r, c);
        if color ~= 0
            x = (c-1)*handles.block_size;
            y = (handles.height-r)*handles.block_size;
            rectangle('Position', [x y handles.block_size handles.block_size], 'FaceColor', handles.colors(color, :));
        end
    end
end

% Draw the current block
[row, col] = find(handles.current_block);
for k = 1:length(row)
    r = handles.current_pos(1) + row(k) - 1;
    c = handles.current_pos(2) + col(k) - 1;
    if r >= 1 && r <= handles.height && c >= 1 && c <= handles.width
        x = (c-1)*handles.block_size;
        y = (handles.height-r)*handles.block_size;
        rectangle('Position', [x y handles.block_size handles.block_size], 'FaceColor', handles.colors(handles.current_color, :));
    end
end

% Draw the next block
[row, col] = find(handles.next_block);
for k = 1:length(row)
    r = row(k) - 1;
    c = col(k) - 1;
    x = handles.width*handles.block_size + c*handles.block_size;
    y = (handles.height-4)*handles.block_size + r*handles.block_size;
    rectangle('Position', [x y handles.block_size handles.block_size], 'FaceColor', handles.colors(handles.next_color, :));
end

% Update the figure
drawnow;


% --- Executes on key press with focus on figure1 or any of its controls.
function figure1_WindowKeyPressFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to figure1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  structure with the following fields (see MATLAB.UI.FIGURE)
%	Key: name of the key that was pressed, in lower case
%	Character: character interpretation of the key(s) that was pressed
%	Modifier: name(s) of the modifier key(s) (i.e., control, shift) pressed
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Move the current block left or right
if strcmp(eventdata.Key, 'leftarrow')
    handles.current_pos(2) = handles.current_pos(2) - 1;
    if check_collision(handles)
        handles.current_pos(2) = handles.current_pos(2) + 1;
    end
elseif strcmp(eventdata.Key, 'rightarrow')
    handles.current_pos(2) = handles.current_pos(2) + 1;
    if check_collision(handles)
        handles.current_pos(2) = handles.current_pos(2) - 1;
    end
end

% Rotate the current block
if strcmp(eventdata.Key, 'uparrow')
    % Rotate the block clockwise
    handles.current_block = rot90(handles.current_block);
    if check_collision(handles)
        % Undo the rotation
        handles.current_block = rot90(handles.current_block, -1);
    end
elseif strcmp(eventdata.Key, 'downarrow')
    % Rotate the block counterclockwise
    handles.current_block = rot90(handles.current_block, -1);
    if check_collision(handles)
        % Undo the rotation
        handles.current_block = rot90(handles.current_block);
    end
end

% Update the game display
update_display(handles);