PID Controller Implementation and Tuning using Operational Amplifiers

Controllers are an essential component in controlling the behavior of dynamic systems. The choice of controller type depends on the size of the error signal, the speed at which the system needs to be readjusted, and the possibility of driving the system into unstable operating points. Proportional (P), Proportional-Integral (PI), Proportional-Derivative (PD), and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers are the most commonly used types. Among them, PID controllers have gained widespread acceptance in various applications due to their ability to optimize the response time while maintaining stable performance within the desired range of operating points.

This lab will explore the implementation of a PID controller using operational amplifiers and the different techniques used to tune the control loop to meet specific design criteria. We will also observe the effect of manually changing the parameters for step input when the other two are fixed.