O-GlcNAcylation: What It Is, How It Works, and Its Role in Disease

O-GlcNAcylation is a type of post-translational modification where the sugar molecule N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is attached to serine or threonine residues of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. This modification is reversible and dynamic, and it regulates various cellular processes such as transcription, translation, signal transduction, and protein degradation. O-GlcNAcylation is also involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders.