• 日期: 2028-10-09 13:36:25
  • 标签: 常规

基于单片机/STM32的房间通风设备监测控制系统设计

系统概述

本项目设计一个房间通风设备监测控制系统，能够对房间进行通风或制冷，并对通风状态进行检测。新风通过过滤器和盘管，利用送风机送入房间通风管路。如果只需要通风，送风机工作，电磁阀关闭，送入房间通风管路。如果需要冷风，送风机工作，电磁阀打开，高压冷水冷却进风，实现输送冷气的目的。需要检测送风机出口温度，范围10~60℃，检测主管路过滤器后新风流量，当风机运行且流量过小（流量值自设），报警指示过滤器阻塞，发出报警。

基本任务

  • 实时显示送风机出口温度
  • 设置按键选择通风和冷气两种状态
  • 显示电磁阀、送风机的工作状态
  • 对电机运行故障进行报警

进阶任务

  • 设置两个温度传感器检测温度
  • 使用 LCD 显示信息
  • 设置系统启动按键
  • 设计其 C 程序

系统设计

1. 硬件设计

  • 基本任务实现

    • MCU选型：STC89C52
    • 温度传感器：DS18B20
    • LCD：1602A
    • 电磁阀：5V
    • 送风机：12V
    • 按键：5V

  • 进阶任务实现

    • MCU选型：STM32F103C8T6
    • 温度传感器：DS18B20
    • LCD：1602A
    • 电磁阀：5V
    • 送风机：12V
    • 按键：5V

2. 系统框图

image-20211101113528721

3. 程序设计

  • 基本任务实现

    • 初始化
    #include <reg52.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "ds18b20.h"
#include "lcd1602.h"

sbit key1 = P3^2;
sbit key2 = P3^3;
sbit valve = P1^0;
sbit fan = P1^1;

void init();
    • 键盘扫描
    int key_scan()
{
    if (key1 == 0)
    {
        while (!key1);
        return 1;
    }
    if (key2 == 0)
    {
        while (!key2);
        return 2;
    }
    return 0;
}
    • 温度检测
    float get_temp()
{
    unsigned char temp_l, temp_h;
    float temp;
    ds18b20_init();
    ds18b20_write_byte(0xcc);
    ds18b20_write_byte(0x44);
    delay_ms(750);
    ds18b20_init();
    ds18b20_write_byte(0xcc);
    ds18b20_write_byte(0xbe);
    temp_l = ds18b20_read_byte();
    temp_h = ds18b20_read_byte();
    temp = ((temp_h << 8) + temp_l) * 0.0625;
    return temp;
}
    • LCD 显示
    void lcd_display(float temp, int mode)
{
    char str[16] = {0};
    memset(str, ' ', sizeof(str));
    sprintf(str, 'Temp:%.2fC', temp);
    lcd1602_display_str(0, 0, str);
    memset(str, ' ', sizeof(str));
    if (mode == 1)
    {
        sprintf(str, 'Mode:Ventilation');
    }
    else if (mode == 2)
    {
        sprintf(str, 'Mode:Cooling');
    }
    lcd1602_display_str(1, 0, str);
}
    • 报警检测
    void check_alarm(float temp, int mode)
{
    if (mode == 1 && temp > 60)
    {
        lcd1602_display_str(0, 0, 'Alarm:Overheat!   ');
    }
    else if (mode == 2 && temp > 10)
    {
        lcd1602_display_str(0, 0, 'Alarm:Overcool!   ');
    }
}
    • 主函数
    void main()
{
    float temp;
    int mode = 1;
    int fan_status = 0;
    int valve_status = 0;
    init();
    while (1)
    {
        temp = get_temp();
        lcd_display(temp, mode);
        check_alarm(temp, mode);
        switch (mode)
        {
            case 1:
                valve = 0;
                fan = 1;
                break;
            case 2:
                valve = 1;
                fan = 1;
                break;
        }
        if (key_scan() == 1)
        {
            mode = 1;
        }
        else if (key_scan() == 2)
        {
            mode = 2;
        }
    }
}

  • 进阶任务实现

    • 初始化
    #include "main.h"
#include "ds18b20.h"
#include "lcd1602.h"

extern TIM_HandleTypeDef htim3;

void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_TIM3_Init(void);

float get_temp();
void lcd_display(float temp, int mode);
void check_alarm(float temp, int mode);
int key_scan();

int mode = 1;
float temp;
int fan_status = 0;
int valve_status = 0;

int main(void)
{
    HAL_Init();
    SystemClock_Config();
    MX_GPIO_Init();
    MX_TIM3_Init();
    ds18b20_init(&htim3);
    lcd1602_init(&htim3);
    while (1)
    {
        temp = get_temp();
        lcd_display(temp, mode);
        check_alarm(temp, mode);
        switch (mode)
        {
            case 1:
                valve_status = 0;
                fan_status = 1;
                break;
            case 2:
                valve_status = 1;
                fan_status = 1;
                break;
        }
        HAL_GPIO_WritePin(VALVE_GPIO_Port, VALVE_Pin, valve_status);
        HAL_GPIO_WritePin(FAN_GPIO_Port, FAN_Pin, fan_status);
        HAL_Delay(100);
        if (key_scan() == 1)
        {
            mode = 1;
        }
        else if (key_scan() == 2)
        {
            mode = 2;
        }
    }
}
    • 键盘扫描
    int key_scan()
{
    if (HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(KEY1_GPIO_Port, KEY1_Pin) == GPIO_PIN_RESET)
    {
        while (HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(KEY1_GPIO_Port, KEY1_Pin) == GPIO_PIN_RESET);
        return 1;
    }
    if (HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(KEY2_GPIO_Port, KEY2_Pin) == GPIO_PIN_RESET)
    {
        while (HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(KEY2_GPIO_Port, KEY2_Pin) == GPIO_PIN_RESET);
        return 2;
    }
    return 0;
}
    • 温度检测
    float get_temp()
{
    unsigned char temp_l, temp_h;
    float temp;
    ds18b20_write_byte(&htim3, 0xcc);
    ds18b20_write_byte(&htim3, 0x44);
    HAL_Delay(750);
    ds18b20_write_byte(&htim3, 0xcc);
    ds18b20_write_byte(&htim3, 0xbe);
    temp_l = ds18b20_read_byte(&htim3);
    temp_h = ds18b20_read_byte(&htim3);
    temp = ((temp_h << 8) + temp_l) * 0.0625;
    return temp;
}
    • LCD 显示
    void lcd_display(float temp, int mode)
{
    char str[16] = {0};
    memset(str, ' ', sizeof(str));
    sprintf(str, 'Temp:%.2fC', temp);
    lcd1602_display_str(&htim3, 0, 0, str);
    memset(str, ' ', sizeof(str));
    if (mode == 1)
    {
        sprintf(str, 'Mode:Ventilation');
    }
    else if (mode == 2)
    {
        sprintf(str, 'Mode:Cooling');
    }
    lcd1602_display_str(&htim3, 1, 0, str);
}
    • 报警检测
    void check_alarm(float temp, int mode)
{
    if (mode == 1 && temp > 60)
    {
        lcd1602_display_str(&htim3, 0, 0, 'Alarm:Overheat!   ');
    }
    else if (mode == 2 && temp > 10)
    {
        lcd1602_display_str(&htim3, 0, 0, 'Alarm:Overcool!   ');
    }
}
    • 定时器配置
    void MX_TIM3_Init(void)
{
    TIM_ClockConfigTypeDef sClockSourceConfig = {0};
    TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig = {0};

    htim3.Instance = TIM3;
    htim3.Init.Prescaler = 72 - 1;
    htim3.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
    htim3.Init.Period = 5000 - 1;
    htim3.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
    if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim3) != HAL_OK)
    {
        Error_Handler();
    }
    sClockSourceConfig.ClockSource = TIM_CLOCKSOURCE_INTERNAL;
    if (HAL_TIM_ConfigClockSource(&htim3, &sClockSourceConfig) != HAL_OK)
    {
        Error_Handler();
    }
    sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_RESET;
    sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_DISABLE;
    if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim3, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK)
    {
        Error_Handler();
    }
}
    • DS18B20 驱动
    #include "ds18b20.h"

void ds18b20_init(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
    htim->Instance->PSC = 72 - 1;
    htim->Instance->ARR = 5000 - 1;
    HAL_TIM_Base_Start(htim);
}

void ds18b20_write_bit(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim, unsigned char bit)
{
    HAL_GPIO_WritePin(DS18B20_GPIO_Port, DS18B20_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
    HAL_Delay(bit ? 5 : 65);
    HAL_GPIO_WritePin(DS18B20_GPIO_Port, DS18B20_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);
    HAL_Delay(bit ? 65 : 5);
}

unsigned char ds18b20_read_bit(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
    unsigned char bit = 0;
    HAL_GPIO_WritePin(DS18B20_GPIO_Port, DS18B20_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
    HAL_Delay(5);
    HAL_GPIO_WritePin(DS18B20_GPIO_Port, DS18B20_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);
    HAL_Delay(5);
    if (HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(DS18B20_GPIO_Port, DS18B20_Pin) == GPIO_PIN_SET)
    {
        bit = 1;
    }
    HAL_Delay(60);
    return bit;
}

void ds18b20_write_byte(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim, unsigned char byte)
{
    unsigned char i;
    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
    {
        ds18b20_write_bit(htim, (byte >> i) & 0x01);
    }
}

unsigned char ds18b20_read_byte(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
    unsigned char i, temp = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
    {
        temp |= ds18b20_read_bit(htim) << i;
    }
    return temp;
}

注：以上代码仅供参考，具体实现需根据实际硬件电路和控制要求进行调整。

基于单片机/STM32的房间通风设备监测控制系统设计

原文地址: https://www.cveoy.top/t/topic/oYsr 著作权归作者所有。请勿转载和采集!

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