C++ 学籍管理系统设计：实现基本功能

#include #include #include #include #include #include

using namespace std;

// 学生基本信息结构体 struct StudentInfo { string id; // 学号 string name; // 姓名 string gender; // 性别 string dorm; // 宿舍号码 string phone; // 电话号码 };

// 学生成绩结构体 struct StudentScore { string id; // 学号 string course_id; // 课程编号 string course_name; // 课程名称 int credit; // 学分 double usual_score; // 平时成绩 double lab_score; // 实验成绩 double exam_score; // 卷面成绩 double total_score; // 综合成绩 int earned_credit; // 实得学分 };

// 学籍管理系统类 class StudentManagementSystem { public: // 构造函数 StudentManagementSystem() { // 读取学生基本信息 ifstream fin("A.TXT"); string line; while (getline(fin, line)) { StudentInfo info; info.id = line.substr(0, 2); info.name = line.substr(3, 6); info.gender = line.substr(10, 1); info.dorm = line.substr(12, 3); info.phone = line.substr(16, 8); m_studentInfos.push_back(info); } fin.close();

    // 读取学生成绩信息
    fin.open("B.TXT");
    while (getline(fin, line)) {
        StudentScore score;
        score.id = line.substr(0, 2);
        score.course_id = line.substr(3, 3);
        score.course_name = line.substr(7, 6);
        score.credit = stoi(line.substr(14, 1));
        score.usual_score = stod(line.substr(16, 2));
        score.lab_score = stod(line.substr(19, 2));
        score.exam_score = stod(line.substr(22, 2));
        if (score.lab_score == -1) { // 无实验
            score.total_score = score.usual_score * 0.3 + score.exam_score * 0.7;
        } else { // 有实验
            score.total_score = score.usual_score * 0.15 + score.lab_score * 0.15 + score.exam_score * 0.7;
        }
        // 计算实得学分
        if (score.total_score >= 90) {
            score.earned_credit = score.credit;
        } else if (score.total_score >= 80) {
            score.earned_credit = score.credit * 0.8;
        } else if (score.total_score >= 70) {
            score.earned_credit = score.credit * 0.75;
        } else if (score.total_score >= 60) {
            score.earned_credit = score.credit * 0.6;
        } else {
            score.earned_credit = score.credit * 0;
        }
        m_studentScores.push_back(score);
    }
    fin.close();
}

// 数据录入功能
void inputScore() {
    StudentScore score;
    cout << "请输入学号：";
    cin >> score.id;
    cout << "请输入课程编号：";
    cin >> score.course_id;
    cout << "请输入课程名称：";
    cin >> score.course_name;
    cout << "请输入学分：";
    cin >> score.credit;
    cout << "请输入平时成绩：";
    cin >> score.usual_score;
    cout << "请输入实验成绩（无实验请输-1）：";
    cin >> score.lab_score;
    cout << "请输入卷面成绩：";
    cin >> score.exam_score;
    if (score.lab_score == -1) { // 无实验
        score.total_score = score.usual_score * 0.3 + score.exam_score * 0.7;
    } else { // 有实验
        score.total_score = score.usual_score * 0.15 + score.lab_score * 0.15 + score.exam_score * 0.7;
    }
    // 计算实得学分
    if (score.total_score >= 90) {
        score.earned_credit = score.credit;
    } else if (score.total_score >= 80) {
        score.earned_credit = score.credit * 0.8;
    } else if (score.total_score >= 70) {
        score.earned_credit = score.credit * 0.75;
    } else if (score.total_score >= 60) {
        score.earned_credit = score.credit * 0.6;
    } else {
        score.earned_credit = score.credit * 0;
    }
    m_studentScores.push_back(score);
    // 写入文件
    ofstream fout("B.TXT", ios::app);
    fout << score.id << " " << score.course_id << " " << score.course_name << " " << score.credit << " "
         << score.usual_score << " " << score.lab_score << " " << score.exam_score << endl;
    fout.close();
}

// 学生基本情况查询
void searchStudentInfo() {
    int choice;
    cout << "请选择查询方式（1-学号，2-姓名）：";
    cin >> choice;
    if (choice == 1) {
        string id;
        cout << "请输入学号：";
        cin >> id;
        for (auto info : m_studentInfos) {
            if (info.id == id) {
                cout << "学号：" << info.id << " 姓名：" << info.name << " 性别：" << info.gender
                     << " 宿舍号码：" << info.dorm << " 电话号码：" << info.phone << endl;
                return;
            }
        }
        cout << "未找到该学生" << endl;
    } else if (choice == 2) {
        string name;
        cout << "请输入姓名：";
        cin >> name;
        for (auto info : m_studentInfos) {
            if (info.name == name) {
                cout << "学号：" << info.id << " 姓名：" << info.name << " 性别：" << info.gender
                     << " 宿舍号码：" << info.dorm << " 电话号码：" << info.phone << endl;
            }
        }
    } else {
        cout << "输入有误" << endl;
    }
}

// 成绩查询
void searchScore() {
    string id;
    cout << "请输入学号：";
    cin >> id;
    cout << "学号：" << id << endl;
    double total_score_sum = 0; // 综合成绩之和
    int earned_credit_sum = 0; // 实得学分之和
    for (auto score : m_studentScores) {
        if (score.id == id) {
            cout << "课程编号：" << score.course_id << " 课程名称：" << score.course_name
                 << " 综合成绩：" << setprecision(2) << fixed << score.total_score
                 << " 实得学分：" << score.earned_credit << endl;
            total_score_sum += score.total_score;
            earned_credit_sum += score.earned_credit;
        }
    }
    cout << "共修：" << m_studentScores.size() << " 科，实得总学分为：" << earned_credit_sum << endl;
    cout << "平均综合成绩为：" << setprecision(2) << fixed << total_score_sum / m_studentScores.size() << endl;
}

// 删除功能
void deleteStudent(string id) {
    // 删除学生基本信息
    for (auto it = m_studentInfos.begin(); it != m_studentInfos.end(); ++it) {
        if (it->id == id) {
            m_studentInfos.erase(it);
            break;
        }
    }
    // 删除学生成绩信息
    vector<StudentScore> newScores;
    for (auto score : m_studentScores) {
        if (score.id != id) {
            newScores.push_back(score);
        }
    }
    m_studentScores = newScores;
    // 更新文件
    ofstream fout("A.TXT");
    for (auto info : m_studentInfos) {
        fout << info.id << " " << info.name << " " << info.gender << " " << info.dorm << " " << info.phone << endl;
    }
    fout.close();
    fout.open("B.TXT");
    for (auto score : m_studentScores) {
        fout << score.id << " " << score.course_id << " " << score.course_name << " " << score.credit << " "
             << score.usual_score << " " << score.lab_score << " " << score.exam_score << endl;
    }
    fout.close();
}

// 排序功能
void sortScores(bool by_total_score, bool ascending) {
    if (by_total_score) { // 按综合成绩排序
        if (ascending) { // 升序
            sort(m_studentScores.begin(), m_studentScores.end(), [](const StudentScore& a, const StudentScore& b) {
                return a.total_score < b.total_score;
            });
        } else { // 降序
            sort(m_studentScores.begin(), m_studentScores.end(), [](const StudentScore& a, const StudentScore& b) {
                return a.total_score > b.total_score;
            });
        }
    } else { // 按实得学分排序
        if (ascending) { // 升序
            sort(m_studentScores.begin(), m_studentScores.end(), [](const StudentScore& a, const StudentScore& b) {
                return a.earned_credit < b.earned_credit;
            });
        } else { // 降序
            sort(m_studentScores.begin(), m_studentScores.end(), [](const StudentScore& a, const StudentScore& b) {
                return a.earned_credit > b.earned_credit;
            });
        }
    }
    // 输出排序结果
    cout << "学号\t课程编号\t课程名称\t学分\t平时成绩\t实验成绩\t卷面成绩\t综合成绩\t实得学分" << endl;
    for (auto score : m_studentScores) {
        cout << score.id << "\t" << score.course_id << "\t\t" << score.course_name << "\t\t" << score.credit << "\t"
             << score.usual_score << "\t\t" << score.lab_score << "\t\t" << score.exam_score << "\t\t"
             << setprecision(2) << fixed << score.total_score << "\t\t" << score.earned_credit << endl;
    }
}

private: vector m_studentInfos; // 学生基本信息 vector m_studentScores; // 学生成绩信息 };

int main() { StudentManagementSystem sms; int choice; while (true) { cout << "请选择功能（1-数据录入，2-学生基本情况查询，3-成绩查询，4-删除，5-排序，0-退出）："; cin >> choice; switch (choice) { case 1: // 数据录入功能 sms.inputScore(); break; case 2: // 学生基本情况查询 sms.searchStudentInfo(); break; case 3: // 成绩查询 sms.searchScore(); break; case 4: { // 删除功能 string id; cout << "请输入要删除的学号："; cin >> id; sms.deleteStudent(id); break; } case 5: { // 排序功能 int sortChoice, orderChoice; cout << "请选择排序方式（1-按综合成绩，2-按实得学分）："; cin >> sortChoice; cout << "请选择排序顺序（1-升序，2-降序）："; cin >> orderChoice; sms.sortScores(sortChoice == 1, orderChoice == 1); break; } case 0: // 退出程序 return 0; default: cout << "输入有误，请重新输入" << endl; } } return 0;