Low-Temperature High-Performance Integrated Electro-optic Modulators for Cryogenic Optical Interconnects

The development of high-performance integrated electro-optic modulators capable of operating at low temperatures is crucial for enabling optical interconnects in cryogenic applications. However, existing integrated modulators are hindered by decreased modulation efficiency or bandwidth when exposed to low temperatures. This limitation arises from their reliance on tuning mechanisms that deteriorate as temperature decreases. The need for innovative modulator designs specifically tailored for cryogenic environments is paramount to overcome these challenges and unlock the full potential of optical interconnects in these applications.