Collaborative Learning: Definition, Origins, References, and Scholarly Perspectives

Definition of Collaborative Learning

Collaborative learning is a process where learners work together in small groups or teams to achieve common goals. It involves the sharing of knowledge, skills, and experiences among group members to enhance learning outcomes. Collaborative learning is a student-centered approach to learning that promotes active participation, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills.

Origin of Collaborative Learning

Collaborative learning has its roots in the constructivist theory of learning, which emphasizes the importance of social interaction and learning through experience. It was first introduced by John Dewey in the early 20th century, who believed that learning is a social process that occurs through interaction with others. Later, the idea was further developed by Lev Vygotsky, who emphasized the role of culture and social context in learning.

References to Collaborative Learning

Collaborative learning has been referenced in various educational documents, including the UNESCO report on education for the 21st century, the European Commission's report on lifelong learning, and the National Science Foundation's report on undergraduate education. It has also been widely discussed in academic literature, particularly in the fields of education, psychology, and sociology.

Different Definitions of Collaborative Learning

1. Johnson & Johnson (2003) define collaborative learning as 'a process through which learners help each other to solve problems, achieve shared goals, and improve their learning outcomes.'

2. Kirschner, Sweller, & Clark (2006) define collaborative learning as 'the coordination of individual efforts and the pooling of resources to achieve a common goal.'

3. Dillenbourg (1999) defines collaborative learning as 'a situation in which two or more people learn or attempt to learn something together.'

4. Slavin (1995) defines collaborative learning as 'the instructional use of small groups so that students work together to maximize their own and each other's learning.'

5. Bruffee (1999) defines collaborative learning as 'a way of learning that emphasizes cooperation and interdependence among learners.'

Conclusion

Collaborative learning is an effective approach to learning that promotes active participation, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. It is a student-centered approach that emphasizes the importance of social interaction and learning through experience. Collaborative learning has been widely discussed in academic literature and has been referenced in various educational documents. It is a valuable tool for enhancing learning outcomes and preparing students for the challenges of the 21st century.