• 日期: 2028-02-09
  • 标签: 常规

以下是一个 C++ 程序，程序中存在构造函数重载时参数类型不一致的问题，导致编译器无法确定使用哪一个构造函数。

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;

enum CPU_Rank { P1 = 1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7 };

class CPU {
private:
	CPU_Rank rank;
	int CPU_frequency;
	double CPU_voltage;
public:
	CPU(int newRank, int newFrequency, int newVoltage)
	{
		rank = (CPU_Rank)newRank;
		CPU_frequency = newFrequency;
		CPU_voltage = newVoltage;
	};
	CPU()//构造函数重载
	{
		rank = P6;
		CPU_frequency = 3000;
		CPU_voltage = 220;
	}
	CPU(int b)
	{
		CPU_frequency = b;
	}
	~CPU()
	{
		cout << 'Good bye!' << endl;
	}
	CPU(const CPU& p)
	{
		rank = p.rank;
		CPU_frequency = p.CPU_frequency;
		CPU_voltage = p.CPU_voltage;
	};
	CPU_Rank outRank() { return rank; };
	int outF() { return CPU_frequency; };
	double outV() { return CPU_voltage; };
};

class RAM {
private:
	string name;
	int RAM_frequency;
	int RAM_capacity;
public:
	RAM(string Name, int a, int b)
	{
		name = Name;
		RAM_frequency = a;
		RAM_capacity = b;
	};
	RAM()
	{
		name = '未知';
		RAM_frequency = 0;
		RAM_capacity = 0;
	}
	RAM(int a)
	{
		RAM_capacity = a;
	}
	~RAM()
	{
		cout << 'Good bye!' << endl;
	}
	string Pname() { return name; };
	int P_ram_frequency() { return RAM_frequency; };
	int P_ram_capacity() { return RAM_capacity; };

};

class CDROM {
private:
	string Cname;
	int speed;
public:
	CDROM(string CName, int Cspeed)
	{
		Cname = CName;
		speed = Cspeed;
	};
	CDROM()
	{
		Cname = '未知';
		speed = 0;
	};
	CDROM(string M)
	{
		Cname = M;
	}
	~CDROM()
	{
		cout << 'Good bye!' << endl;
	}
	string P_Cname() { return Cname; };
	int Pspeed() { return speed; };
};

class Computer :public CPU,public RAM,public CDROM{

public:
	Computer(int a, int b, int c, string* N, int d, int e, string* M, int f) :CPU(a, b, c), RAM(*N, d, e), CDROM(*M, f) {};
	Computer(int b, int a, string* N) :RAM(a), CPU(b), CDROM(*N) {};
	void run() { cout << 'Computer开始运行！' << endl; }
	void stop() { cout << 'Computer停止运行！' << endl; };
	void output1()
	{
		cout << '我是组装机' << endl;
		cout << 'CPU:' << endl;
		cout << '等级:' << outRank() << '\n' << '频率：' << outF() << '\n' << '电压：' << outV() << endl;
		cout << 'RAM:' << endl;
		cout << '品牌:' << Pname() << '\n' << '频率：' << P_ram_frequency() << '\n' << '容量：' << P_ram_capacity() << endl;
		cout << 'CDROM:' << endl;
		cout << '品牌:' << P_Cname() << '\n' << '传输速率：' << Pspeed() << endl;
	};
};

int main()
{
	cout << '请按顺序输入一台组装机芯片(等级、频率、电压)、内存(品牌、主频、容量）、光驱参数(品牌、传输速率)：' << endl;

	int newrank, newfrequency, newvoltage;
	cin >> newrank >> newfrequency >> newvoltage;

	string Name;
	int RAM_frequency,RAM_capacity;
	cin >> Name >> RAM_frequency >> RAM_capacity;

	string CName;
	int Cspeed;
	cin >> CName >> Cspeed;

	Computer A (newrank,newfrequency,newvoltage,&Name,RAM_frequency,RAM_capacity,&CName,Cspeed);
	
A.run();
	A.output1();
	A.stop();

	cout << '请按顺序输入一台品牌机内存大小、cpu的主频、光驱品牌：' << endl;
	int a, b;
	string Cname2;
	cin >> a >> b >> Cname2;
	Computer B(b,a,Cname2);


	return 0;
}

错误在于构造函数重载时参数类型不一致，导致编译器无法确定使用哪一个构造函数。具体来说，CPU 类中有三个构造函数，分别是 CPU(int newRank, int newFrequency, int newVoltage)，CPU() 和 CPU(int b)，其中 CPU(int b) 的参数类型是 int，而在 Computer 类中的调用中使用了 CPU(b) 这个语句，编译器无法确定应该调用哪一个构造函数。

因此，需要将 CPU(int b) 改为 CPU(int newFrequency) 或者给 CPU(int b) 的参数类型加上默认值，例如 CPU(int b=0)。

修改后的代码：

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;

enum CPU_Rank { P1 = 1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7 };

class CPU {
private:
	CPU_Rank rank;
	int CPU_frequency;
	double CPU_voltage;
public:
	CPU(int newRank, int newFrequency, int newVoltage)
	{
		rank = (CPU_Rank)newRank;
		CPU_frequency = newFrequency;
		CPU_voltage = newVoltage;
	};
	CPU()//构造函数重载
	{
		rank = P6;
		CPU_frequency = 3000;
		CPU_voltage = 220;
	}
	CPU(int newFrequency) // 将参数类型改为 int newFrequency
	{
		CPU_frequency = newFrequency;
	}
	~CPU()
	{
		cout << 'Good bye!' << endl;
	}
	CPU(const CPU& p)
	{
		rank = p.rank;
		CPU_frequency = p.CPU_frequency;
		CPU_voltage = p.CPU_voltage;
	};
	CPU_Rank outRank() { return rank; };
	int outF() { return CPU_frequency; };
	double outV() { return CPU_voltage; };
};

class RAM {
private:
	string name;
	int RAM_frequency;
	int RAM_capacity;
public:
	RAM(string Name, int a, int b)
	{
		name = Name;
		RAM_frequency = a;
		RAM_capacity = b;
	};
	RAM()
	{
		name = '未知';
		RAM_frequency = 0;
		RAM_capacity = 0;
	}
	RAM(int a)
	{
		RAM_capacity = a;
	}
	~RAM()
	{
		cout << 'Good bye!' << endl;
	}
	string Pname() { return name; };
	int P_ram_frequency() { return RAM_frequency; };
	int P_ram_capacity() { return RAM_capacity; };

};

class CDROM {
private:
	string Cname;
	int speed;
public:
	CDROM(string CName, int Cspeed)
	{
		Cname = CName;
		speed = Cspeed;
	};
	CDROM()
	{
		Cname = '未知';
		speed = 0;
	};
	CDROM(string M)
	{
		Cname = M;
	}
	~CDROM()
	{
		cout << 'Good bye!' << endl;
	}
	string P_Cname() { return Cname; };
	int Pspeed() { return speed; };
};

class Computer :public CPU,public RAM,public CDROM{

public:
	Computer(int a, int b, int c, string* N, int d, int e, string* M, int f) :CPU(a, b, c), RAM(*N, d, e), CDROM(*M, f) {};
	Computer(int b, int a, string* N) :RAM(a), CPU(b), CDROM(*N) {};
	void run() { cout << 'Computer开始运行！' << endl; }
	void stop() { cout << 'Computer停止运行！' << endl; };
	void output1()
	{
		cout << '我是组装机' << endl;
		cout << 'CPU:' << endl;
		cout << '等级:' << outRank() << '\n' << '频率：' << outF() << '\n' << '电压：' << outV() << endl;
		cout << 'RAM:' << endl;
		cout << '品牌:' << Pname() << '\n' << '频率：' << P_ram_frequency() << '\n' << '容量：' << P_ram_capacity() << endl;
		cout << 'CDROM:' << endl;
		cout << '品牌:' << P_Cname() << '\n' << '传输速率：' << Pspeed() << endl;
	};
};

int main()
{
	cout << '请按顺序输入一台组装机芯片(等级、频率、电压)、内存(品牌、主频、容量）、光驱参数(品牌、传输速率)：' << endl;

	int newrank, newfrequency, newvoltage;
	cin >> newrank >> newfrequency >> newvoltage;

	string Name;
	int RAM_frequency,RAM_capacity;
	cin >> Name >> RAM_frequency >> RAM_capacity;

	string CName;
	int Cspeed;
	cin >> CName >> Cspeed;

	Computer A (newrank,newfrequency,newvoltage,&Name,RAM_frequency,RAM_capacity,&CName,Cspeed);
	
A.run();
	A.output1();
	A.stop();

	cout << '请按顺序输入一台品牌机内存大小、cpu的主频、光驱品牌：' << endl;
	int a, b;
	string Cname2;
	cin >> a >> b >> Cname2;
	Computer B(b,a,Cname2);


	return 0;
}

通过修改，编译器就可以正确识别并调用 CPU 类中的构造函数了。

注意：

  • 在构造函数重载时，参数类型必须有所不同，才能使编译器能够正确识别调用哪个构造函数。
  • 如果多个构造函数的参数类型相同，但参数顺序不同，那么编译器也无法确定使用哪一个构造函数。
  • 在实际编程中，尽量避免构造函数参数类型相同的情况，以提高代码的可读性和可维护性。
C++ 程序错误分析：构造函数重载参数类型不一致

原文地址: https://www.cveoy.top/t/topic/nnhZ 著作权归作者所有。请勿转载和采集!

免费AI点我,无需注册和登录