Essential Math Modules for Applied Cryptography

Number theory: This module covers the study of numbers, their properties, and relationships between them. It includes topics such as modular arithmetic, prime numbers, and the Euclidean algorithm, which are essential for understanding cryptographic algorithms such as RSA and elliptic curve cryptography.

Discrete mathematics: This module covers mathematical structures that are discrete rather than continuous, such as graphs, sets, and sequences. It includes topics such as combinatorics, probability theory, and graph theory, which are important for analyzing and designing cryptographic protocols.

Linear algebra: This module covers the study of vector spaces and linear transformations, including matrices and determinants. It includes topics such as Gaussian elimination, eigenvectors, and eigenspaces, which are used in various cryptographic algorithms such as AES and SHA-3.