C++ 类定义和使用示例：Employee 类与 Name 类

本示例展示了如何在 C++ 中定义并使用类，包括 Employee 类和 Name 类，它们包含姓名、地址、城市、邮编等信息，并演示如何创建对象、调用成员函数以及修改属性。

1. Employee 类定义

class Employee{
private:
    Name name;
    string street_address;
    string city;
    string zip_code;
public:
    Employee(Name n, string sa, string c, string zc): name(n), street_address(sa), city(c), zip_code(zc){}
    void display(){
        cout'Name: ' << name.display() << endl;
        cout'Street Address: ' << street_address << endl;
        cout'City: ' << city << endl;
        cout'Zip Code: ' << zip_code << endl;
    }
    void change_name(Name n){
        name = n;
    }
};

// 创建五个 Employee 对象
Employee employees[5] = {
    Employee(Name('John','Doe'),'123 Main St','New York','10001'),
    Employee(Name('Jane','Doe'),'456 Oak Ave','Chicago','60601'),
    Employee(Name('Bob','Smith'),'789 Elm St','Los Angeles','90001'),
    Employee(Name('Sue','Johnson'),'321 Maple St','Boston','02101'),
    Employee(Name('Tom','Jones'),'654 Pine Ave','San Francisco','94101')
};

2. Name 类定义

class Name{
protected:
    string first_name;
    string last_name;
public:
    Name(string fn, string ln): first_name(fn), last_name(ln){}
    string display(){
        return first_name + ' ' + last_name;
    }
};

3. 完整的类定义

class Name{
protected:
    string first_name;
    string last_name;
public:
    Name(string fn, string ln): first_name(fn), last_name(ln){}
    string display(){
        return first_name + ' ' + last_name;
    }
};

class Employee{
private:
    Name name;
    string street_address;
    string city;
    string zip_code;
public:
    Employee(Name n, string sa, string c, string zc): name(n), street_address(sa), city(c), zip_code(zc){}
    void display(){
        cout'Name: ' << name.display() << endl;
        cout'Street Address: ' << street_address << endl;
        cout'City: ' << city << endl;
        cout'Zip Code: ' << zip_code << endl;
    }
    void change_name(Name n){
        name = n;
    }
};

// 创建五个 Employee 对象
Employee employees[5] = {
    Employee(Name('John','Doe'),'123 Main St','New York','10001'),
    Employee(Name('Jane','Doe'),'456 Oak Ave','Chicago','60601'),
    Employee(Name('Bob','Smith'),'789 Elm St','Los Angeles','90001'),
    Employee(Name('Sue','Johnson'),'321 Maple St','Boston','02101'),
    Employee(Name('Tom','Jones'),'654 Pine Ave','San Francisco','94101')
};

4. 主函数调试

int main(){
    // 显示原始信息
    for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
        cout'Employee ' << i+1 << ':' << endl;
        employees[i].display();
        cout << endl;
    }
    // 修改姓名
    employees[0].change_name(Name('Johnny','Doe'));
    employees[2].change_name(Name('Robert','Smith'));
    // 显示修改后的信息
    for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
        cout'Employee ' << i+1 << ':' << endl;
        employees[i].display();
        cout << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

输出结果

Employee 1:
Name: John Doe
Street Address: 123 Main St
City: New York
Zip Code: 10001

Employee 2:
Name: Jane Doe
Street Address: 456 Oak Ave
City: Chicago
Zip Code: 60601

Employee 3:
Name: Bob Smith
Street Address: 789 Elm St
City: Los Angeles
Zip Code: 90001

Employee 4:
Name: Sue Johnson
Street Address: 321 Maple St
City: Boston
Zip Code: 02101

Employee 5:
Name: Tom Jones
Street Address: 654 Pine Ave
City: San Francisco
Zip Code: 94101

Employee 1:
Name: Johnny Doe
Street Address: 123 Main St
City: New York
Zip Code: 10001

Employee 2:
Name: Jane Doe
Street Address: 456 Oak Ave
City: Chicago
Zip Code: 60601

Employee 3:
Name: Robert Smith
Street Address: 789 Elm St
City: Los Angeles
Zip Code: 90001

Employee 4:
Name: Sue Johnson
Street Address: 321 Maple St
City: Boston
Zip Code: 02101

Employee 5:
Name: Tom Jones
Street Address: 654 Pine Ave
City: San Francisco
Zip Code: 94101

说明

Employee 类包含一个 Name 类的对象作为其私有成员，用于存储员工姓名。
Name 类包含两个字符串类型的保护数据成员，用于存储姓和名。
Employee 类包含构造函数、display 函数和 change_name 函数，分别用于创建对象、显示对象信息和修改对象姓名。
主函数创建了五个 Employee 对象，并使用 display 函数显示其信息，以及使用 change_name 函数修改其中两个对象的姓名，然后再次显示其信息。

本示例演示了 C++ 中类定义和使用的基本方法，以及如何将一个类的对象作为另一个类的成员。通过这种方式，可以实现代码复用和更好的结构化编程。