Ceph: Open Source Distributed Storage System for Object, Block, and File Storage

Ceph is an open source distributed storage system that provides object, block, and file storage. It's designed to scale out and provide high availability and fault tolerance. Ceph uses a cluster of commodity hardware to create a distributed storage pool that can be accessed by clients using different protocols such as Object Storage (RADOS), Block Storage (RBD), and File Storage (CephFS). Ceph's architecture is based on a distributed object store, which stores data as objects and assigns each object a unique identifier (OID). The objects are then distributed across the cluster using a CRUSH algorithm, which ensures that the data is evenly distributed and balanced across the cluster. Ceph also provides features such as erasure coding, data tiering, and snapshotting, which make it a popular choice for enterprise storage solutions.