Stokes Lines Intensity Dominance: Explained by Boltzmann's Law

According to Boltzmann's law, at room temperature, the number of molecules in the ground state Ev-0 is greater than the number of molecules in the excited state Ev-1. This population difference directly affects the intensity of Stokes and anti-Stokes lines in Raman scattering. The higher population in the ground state leads to a greater number of transitions from the ground state to a higher energy level, resulting in more intense Stokes lines (Is). Conversely, fewer transitions occur from the excited state to a lower energy level, resulting in weaker anti-Stokes lines (Ias). Therefore, the intensity of Stokes lines is generally greater than the intensity of anti-Stokes lines at room temperature.