俄罗斯方块游戏编程教程：Python 实现经典益智游戏

俄罗斯方块是一款经典的益智游戏，可以通过编程实现自己的俄罗斯方块游戏。以下是一个简单的俄罗斯方块游戏的代码示例，使用 Python 和 Pygame 库：

import pygame
import random

pygame.init()

# 游戏窗口大小
WINDOW_WIDTH = 600
WINDOW_HEIGHT = 800

# 方块大小
BLOCK_SIZE = 40

# 方块类型及其对应的形状
BLOCK_TYPE = {
    'I': [[1, 1, 1, 1]],
    'O': [[1, 1], [1, 1]],
    'T': [[1, 1, 1], [0, 1, 0]],
    'S': [[0, 1, 1], [1, 1, 0]],
    'Z': [[1, 1, 0], [0, 1, 1]],
    'J': [[1, 0, 0], [1, 1, 1]],
    'L': [[0, 0, 1], [1, 1, 1]]
}

# 颜色
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)

# 初始化方块
def init_block():
    block_type = random.choice(list(BLOCK_TYPE.keys()))
    block_shape = BLOCK_TYPE[block_type]
    block_color = random.choice([RED, GREEN, BLUE])
    block_x = WINDOW_WIDTH // 2 - len(block_shape[0]) // 2 * BLOCK_SIZE
    block_y = 0
    return {
        'type': block_type,
        'shape': block_shape,
        'color': block_color,
        'x': block_x,
        'y': block_y
    }

# 绘制方块
def draw_block(block):
    for i in range(len(block['shape'])):
        for j in range(len(block['shape'][i])):
            if block['shape'][i][j] == 1:
                pygame.draw.rect(screen, block['color'], (block['x'] + j * BLOCK_SIZE, block['y'] + i * BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE))

# 判断方块是否碰撞到边界或其他方块
def is_collision(block, blocks):
    for i in range(len(block['shape'])):
        for j in range(len(block['shape'][i])):
            if block['shape'][i][j] == 1:
                if block['x'] + j * BLOCK_SIZE < 0 or block['x'] + j * BLOCK_SIZE >= WINDOW_WIDTH or block['y'] + i * BLOCK_SIZE >= WINDOW_HEIGHT:
                    return True
                for b in blocks:
                    if block['x'] + j * BLOCK_SIZE == b['x'] and block['y'] + i * BLOCK_SIZE == b['y']:
                        return True
    return False

# 将当前方块加入已有方块列表中
def add_block(block, blocks):
    for i in range(len(block['shape'])):
        for j in range(len(block['shape'][i])):
            if block['shape'][i][j] == 1:
                blocks.append({
                    'x': block['x'] + j * BLOCK_SIZE,
                    'y': block['y'] + i * BLOCK_SIZE,
                    'color': block['color']
                })

# 消除满行
def remove_full_rows(blocks):
    full_rows = []
    for i in range(WINDOW_HEIGHT // BLOCK_SIZE):
        row_blocks = [b for b in blocks if b['y'] == i * BLOCK_SIZE]
        if len(row_blocks) == WINDOW_WIDTH // BLOCK_SIZE:
            full_rows.append(i * BLOCK_SIZE)
    for row in full_rows:
        blocks = [b for b in blocks if b['y'] != row]
        for b in blocks:
            if b['y'] < row:
                b['y'] += BLOCK_SIZE
    return blocks

# 初始化游戏
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption('Tetris')
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
game_over = False
blocks = []
block = init_block()

# 游戏循环
while not game_over:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            game_over = True
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                block['x'] -= BLOCK_SIZE
                if is_collision(block, blocks):
                    block['x'] += BLOCK_SIZE
            elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                block['x'] += BLOCK_SIZE
                if is_collision(block, blocks):
                    block['x'] -= BLOCK_SIZE
            elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                block['y'] += BLOCK_SIZE
                if is_collision(block, blocks):
                    block['y'] -= BLOCK_SIZE
            elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                block_shape = block['shape']
                block['shape'] = [[block_shape[j][i] for j in range(len(block_shape))] for i in range(len(block_shape[0]))]
                if is_collision(block, blocks):
                    block['shape'] = block_shape

    screen.fill(WHITE)

    block['y'] += BLOCK_SIZE
    if is_collision(block, blocks):
        block['y'] -= BLOCK_SIZE
        add_block(block, blocks)
        blocks = remove_full_rows(blocks)
        block = init_block()
        if is_collision(block, blocks):
            game_over = True

    draw_block(block)
    for b in blocks:
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, b['color'], (b['x'], b['y'], BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE))

    pygame.display.flip()
    clock.tick(10)

pygame.quit()

该代码使用 pygame 库实现了俄罗斯方块游戏的基本功能，包括方块的下落、移动、旋转、撞墙、加入已有方块列表、消除满行等。可以根据需要进行修改和扩展。