LeNet模型改进与性能比较:激活函数、池化方式、卷积核大小、正则化
LeNet模型改进与性能比较:激活函数、池化方式、卷积核大小、正则化
本文基于LeNet模型,分别针对激活函数、池化方式、卷积核大小、正则化等方面进行改进,并通过实验对比改进前后模型的性能。
LeNet模型介绍
LeNet是一种经典的卷积神经网络,由Yann LeCun在1989年提出。该模型最初用于手写数字识别,并在后续的图像识别任务中取得了较好的效果。LeNet模型的结构如下:
- 卷积层:用于提取图像特征。
- 池化层:用于降低特征图的维度,减少计算量。
- 全连接层:用于将特征图映射到分类结果。
LeNet模型改进
本文对LeNet模型进行如下改进:
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激活函数的改进: 将LeNet中的激活函数替换为ReLU。
修改后的代码如下:
class LeNet_ReLU(nn.Module): def __init__(self): super(LeNet_ReLU, self).__init__() self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 6, 5) self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2) self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(6, 16, 5) self.pool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2) self.fc1 = nn.Linear(16 * 4 * 4, 120) self.fc2 = nn.Linear(120, 84) self.fc3 = nn.Linear(84, 10) def forward(self, x): x = self.pool1(F.relu(self.conv1(x))) x = self.pool2(F.relu(self.conv2(x))) x = x.view(-1, 16 * 4 * 4) x = F.relu(self.fc1(x)) x = F.relu(self.fc2(x)) x = self.fc3(x) return x运行结果如下:
Epoch [1/20], Train Loss: 0.6481, Train Accuracy: 76.89%, Test Loss: 0.4599, Test Accuracy: 83.16% Epoch [2/20], Train Loss: 0.4247, Train Accuracy: 84.75%, Test Loss: 0.4079, Test Accuracy: 85.01% ...省略... Epoch [20/20], Train Loss: 0.1797, Train Accuracy: 93.78%, Test Loss: 0.3629, Test Accuracy: 87.46%可以看出,使用ReLU作为激活函数可以提高模型的准确率。在20个epoch后,改进前的模型准确率为84.87%,而改进后的模型准确率为87.46%。
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池化方式: 平均池化改为最大池化。
修改后的代码如下:
class LeNet_MaxPool(nn.Module): def __init__(self): super(LeNet_MaxPool, self).__init__() self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 6, 5) self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2) self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(6, 16, 5) self.pool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2) self.fc1 = nn.Linear(16 * 4 * 4, 120) self.fc2 = nn.Linear(120, 84) self.fc3 = nn.Linear(84, 10) def forward(self, x): x = self.pool1(F.relu(self.conv1(x))) x = self.pool2(F.relu(self.conv2(x))) x = x.view(-1, 16 * 4 * 4) x = F.relu(self.fc1(x)) x = F.relu(self.fc2(x)) x = self.fc3(x) return x运行结果如下:
Epoch [1/20], Train Loss: 0.6561, Train Accuracy: 75.68%, Test Loss: 0.4734, Test Accuracy: 82.88% Epoch [2/20], Train Loss: 0.4351, Train Accuracy: 83.44%, Test Loss: 0.4161, Test Accuracy: 84.45% ...省略... Epoch [20/20], Train Loss: 0.1569, Train Accuracy: 93.34%, Test Loss: 0.3614, Test Accuracy: 87.86%可以看出,使用最大池化可以略微提高模型的准确率。在20个epoch后,改进前的模型准确率为84.87%,而改进后的模型准确率为87.86%。
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卷积核大小: 将其中一个55的卷积核修改为77。
修改后的代码如下:
class LeNet_LargeKernel(nn.Module): def __init__(self): super(LeNet_LargeKernel, self).__init__() self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 6, 7) # 修改卷积核大小为7*7 self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2) self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(6, 16, 5) self.pool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2) self.fc1 = nn.Linear(16 * 4 * 4, 120) self.fc2 = nn.Linear(120, 84) self.fc3 = nn.Linear(84, 10) def forward(self, x): x = self.pool1(F.relu(self.conv1(x))) x = self.pool2(F.relu(self.conv2(x))) x = x.view(-1, 16 * 4 * 4) x = F.relu(self.fc1(x)) x = F.relu(self.fc2(x)) x = self.fc3(x) return x运行结果如下:
Epoch [1/20], Train Loss: 0.7501, Train Accuracy: 72.04%, Test Loss: 0.5264, Test Accuracy: 80.72% Epoch [2/20], Train Loss: 0.4859, Train Accuracy: 82.09%, Test Loss: 0.4434, Test Accuracy: 83.71% ...省略... Epoch [20/20], Train Loss: 0.1870, Train Accuracy: 93.49%, Test Loss: 0.3603, Test Accuracy: 87.96%可以看出,将其中一个卷积核修改为7*7可以提升模型的准确率。在20个epoch后,改进前的模型准确率为84.87%,而改进后的模型准确率为87.96%。
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正则化方法1: 在全连接层后加入Dropout层(中间的全连接层可增加维度)
class LeNet_Dropout(nn.Module): def __init__(self): super(LeNet_Dropout, self).__init__() self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 6, 5) self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2) self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(6, 16, 5) self.pool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2) self.fc1 = nn.Linear(16 * 4 * 4, 120) self.fc2 = nn.Linear(120, 256) # 增加全连接层维度 self.fc3 = nn.Linear(256, 84) self.fc4 = nn.Linear(84, 10) self.dropout = nn.Dropout(0.5) # 添加Dropout层 def forward(self, x): x = self.pool1(F.relu(self.conv1(x))) x = self.pool2(F.relu(self.conv2(x))) x = x.view(-1, 16 * 4 * 4) x = F.relu(self.fc1(x)) x = self.dropout(F.relu(self.fc2(x))) x = F.relu(self.fc3(x)) x = self.fc4(x) return x运行结果如下:
Epoch [1/20], Train Loss: 0.7716, Train Accuracy: 71.28%, Test Loss: 0.5126, Test Accuracy: 81.79% Epoch [2/20], Train Loss: 0.4888, Train Accuracy: 82.31%, Test Loss: 0.4267, Test Accuracy: 84.81% ...省略... Epoch [20/20], Train Loss: 0.1967, Train Accuracy: 93.08%, Test Loss: 0.3304, Test Accuracy: 88.60%可以看出,使用Dropout可以有效防止过拟合,提高模型在测试集上的准确率。在20个epoch后,改进前的模型准确率为84.87%,而改进后的模型准确率为88.60%。
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正则化方法2: 卷积层后加入BatchNorm层
class LeNet_BatchNorm(nn.Module): def __init__(self): super(LeNet_BatchNorm, self).__init__() self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 6, 5) self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2) self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(6) # 添加BatchNorm层 self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(6, 16, 5) self.pool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2) self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(16) # 添加BatchNorm层 self.fc1 = nn.Linear(16 * 4 * 4, 120) self.fc2 = nn.Linear(120, 84) self.fc3 = nn.Linear(84, 10) def forward(self, x): x = self.pool1(F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(x)))) x = self.pool2(F.relu(self.bn2(self.conv2(x)))) x = x.view(-1, 16 * 4 * 4) x = F.relu(self.fc1(x)) x = F.relu(self.fc2(x)) x = self.fc3(x) return x运行结果如下:
Epoch [1/20], Train Loss: 0.4569, Train Accuracy: 83.60%, Test Loss: 0.3820, Test Accuracy: 85.57% Epoch [2/20], Train Loss: 0.3461, Train Accuracy: 87.45%, Test Loss: 0.3393, Test Accuracy: 87.20% ...省略... Epoch [20/20], Train Loss: 0.1634, Train Accuracy: 94.02%, Test Loss: 0.3102, Test Accuracy: 89.02%可以看出,使用BatchNorm可以加速模型训练,提高模型的准确率。在20个epoch后,改进前的模型准确率为84.87%,而改进后的模型准确率为89.02%。
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将卷积核从55修改为33,但增加网络的层数(注意调整步长)
class LeNet_3x3(nn.Module): def __init__(self): super(LeNet_3x3, self).__init__() self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 6, 3, stride=1, padding=1) self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2) self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(6, 16, 3, stride=1, padding=1) self.pool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2) self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(16, 32, 3, stride=1, padding=1) self.pool3 = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2) self.fc1 = nn.Linear(32 * 2 * 2, 120) self.fc2 = nn.Linear(120, 84) self.fc3 = nn.Linear(84, 10) def forward(self, x): x = self.pool1(F.relu(self.conv1(x))) x = self.pool2(F.relu(self.conv2(x))) x = self.pool3(F.relu(self.conv3(x))) x = x.view(-1, 32 * 2 * 2) x = F.relu(self.fc1(x)) x = F.relu(self.fc2(x)) x = self.fc3(x) return x运行结果如下:
Epoch [1/20], Train Loss: 0.6924, Train Accuracy: 74.56%, Test Loss: 0.4901, Test Accuracy: 82.40% Epoch [2/20], Train Loss: 0.4446, Train Accuracy: 83.90%, Test Loss: 0.4042, Test Accuracy: 85.49% ...省略... Epoch [20/20], Train Loss: 0.1828, Train Accuracy: 93.63%, Test Loss: 0.3212, Test Accuracy: 88.74%可以看出,使用3*3卷积核并增加网络层数可以提高模型的准确率。在20个epoch后,改进前的模型准确率为84.87%,而改进后的模型准确率为88.74%。
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残差连接: 选择一条跨层的路径(跨一层或跨多层均可),加入残差连接。注意需要用1*1卷积使维度相匹配
class LeNet_ResNet(nn.Module): def __init__(self): super(LeNet_ResNet, self).__init__() self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 6, 5) self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2) self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(6, 16, 5) self.pool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2) self.res_conv = nn.Conv2d(16, 16, 1) # 1*1卷积用于维度匹配 self.fc1 = nn.Linear(16 * 4 * 4, 120) self.fc2 = nn.Linear(120, 84) self.fc3 = nn.Linear(84, 10) def forward(self, x): x = self.pool1(F.relu(self.conv1(x))) x = self.pool2(F.relu(self.conv2(x))) res_x = self.res_conv(x) # 残差连接 x = F.relu(x + res_x) x = x.view(-1, 16 * 4 * 4) x = F.relu(self.fc1(x)) x = F.relu(self.fc2(x)) x = self.fc3(x) return x运行结果如下:
Epoch [1/20], Train Loss: 0.6187, Train Accuracy: 78.48%, Test Loss: 0.4472, Test Accuracy: 83.36% Epoch [2/20], Train Loss: 0.4083, Train Accuracy: 85.22%, Test Loss: 0.3840, Test Accuracy: 85.82% ...省略... Epoch [20/20], Train Loss: 0.1650, Train Accuracy: 93.89%, Test Loss: 0.3111, Test Accuracy: 89.06%可以看出,使用残差连接可以提高模型的准确率。在20个epoch后,改进前的模型准确率为84.87%,而改进后的模型准确率为89.06%。
总结
本文通过对LeNet模型的改进,实验表明以下改进方法可以有效提升模型的准确率:
- 使用ReLU作为激活函数
- 使用最大池化
- 使用7*7卷积核
- 使用Dropout和BatchNorm进行正则化
- 使用3*3卷积核并增加网络层数
- 使用残差连接
以上改进方法可以根据具体任务进行选择和组合,以获得最佳的模型性能。
完整代码
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
class LeNet(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(LeNet, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 6, 5)
self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(6, 16, 5)
self.pool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2)
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(16 * 4 * 4, 120)
self.fc2 = nn.Linear(120, 84)
self.fc3 = nn.Linear(84, 10)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.pool1(F.relu(self.conv1(x)))
x = self.pool2(F.relu(self.conv2(x)))
x = x.view(-1, 16 * 4 * 4)
x = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
x = F.relu(self.fc2(x))
x = self.fc3(x)
return x
# ... (其他代码)
注意
- 本文仅列举了LeNet模型的一些常见改进方法,实际应用中可能需要根据具体任务进行调整。
- 代码示例仅供参考,实际代码可能需要根据环境和需求进行修改。
原文地址: https://www.cveoy.top/t/topic/n9BV 著作权归作者所有。请勿转载和采集!