鞘膜积液 - 症状、原因和治疗 (英文：Hydrocele)

鞘膜积液是一种常见的疾病，是指睾丸周围的囊袋（称为鞘膜）中积聚液体。这会导致阴囊肿胀，但通常无痛。鞘膜积液可以发生在任何年龄的男性身上，但在新生儿中最常见。

症状

鞘膜积液最常见的症状是阴囊肿胀。肿胀通常是逐渐发生的，并且可能在一天中有所波动。其他症状可能包括：

• 阴囊沉重感
• 阴囊疼痛
• 阴囊皮肤发红
• 阴囊发热

原因

鞘膜积液的原因有很多，包括：

• **新生儿：**新生儿鞘膜积液通常是由于出生时鞘膜未完全闭合导致的。
• **感染：**睾丸或附睾感染会导致鞘膜积液。
• **损伤：**阴囊或睾丸损伤会导致鞘膜积液。
• **肿瘤：**睾丸肿瘤会导致鞘膜积液。
• **其他疾病：**心脏病、肝病和肾病等其他疾病也会导致鞘膜积液。

治疗

鞘膜积液的治疗方法取决于原因和严重程度。大多数新生儿鞘膜积液会在出生后的几个月内自行消失。其他类型的鞘膜积液可能需要以下治疗：

• **观察：**如果鞘膜积液小且无痛，可能只需要观察。
• **穿刺抽液：**如果鞘膜积液较大，可能会进行穿刺抽液。但这只能暂时缓解症状，因为液体可能会再次积聚。
• **手术：**如果穿刺抽液无效或鞘膜积液反复出现，则可能需要手术。手术将去除积液并闭合鞘膜。

诊断

医生可以通过体检诊断鞘膜积液。他们也会询问你的病史，并检查是否有其他症状。以下测试可能有助于诊断：

• **超声波检查：**超声波检查可以帮助医生观察鞘膜积液的大小和位置。
• **血液检查：**血液检查可以帮助医生排除其他疾病。

英文：Hydrocele

A hydrocele is a common condition that occurs when fluid collects in the sac surrounding the testicle (called the tunica vaginalis). This can cause swelling in the scrotum, but it is usually painless. Hydroceles can happen to men of any age, but they are most common in newborn babies.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of a hydrocele is swelling in the scrotum. The swelling usually comes on gradually, and it may vary in size throughout the day. Other symptoms may include:

• A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
• Scrotum pain
• Redness of the scrotal skin
• Scrotal warmth

Causes

There are many causes of hydroceles, including:

• Newborns: Hydroceles in newborns are usually caused by the tunica vaginalis not closing completely at birth.
• Infection: Infection of the testicle or epididymis can lead to a hydrocele.
• Injury: Injury to the scrotum or testicle can cause a hydrocele.
• Tumor: A tumor of the testicle can cause a hydrocele.
• Other diseases: Other diseases, such as heart disease, liver disease, and kidney disease, can also cause hydroceles.

Treatment

Treatment for hydroceles depends on the cause and severity. Most hydroceles in newborns go away on their own within a few months after birth. Other types of hydroceles may require the following treatments:

• Observation: If the hydrocele is small and painless, it may only need to be observed.
• Aspiration: If the hydrocele is large, a procedure called aspiration may be performed. This involves draining the fluid from the hydrocele. However, this is only a temporary solution, as the fluid may build up again.
• Surgery: If aspiration is unsuccessful or the hydrocele keeps coming back, surgery may be necessary. Surgery will involve removing the fluid and closing the tunica vaginalis.

Diagnosis

Your doctor can diagnose a hydrocele by performing a physical exam. They will also ask about your medical history and check for other symptoms. The following tests may help diagnose a hydrocele:

• Ultrasound: An ultrasound can help your doctor see the size and location of the hydrocele.
• Blood tests: Blood tests can help your doctor rule out other conditions.