基于FPGA的交通灯控制器研究：提高城市交通效率的解决方案

近年来，随着城市化进程的加速和城市交通密度的不断增加，交通拥堵、交通事故等问题也日益突出，给城市交通带来了极大的安全隐患和经济损失。在此背景下，交通灯控制技术成为了解决城市道路交通问题的一种重要手段，而基于FPGA的交通灯控制器的研究就显得尤为重要。

论文以FPGA技术为基础，对传统四象限交通控制器进行研究，并设计了时间可调模式、手动模式、夜间模式、智能交通控制模式；然后以CycloneII FPGA芯片为核心，以作为EP1C3T144C8N配置芯片，通过扩展主板电路与外围电路，完成了基于FPGA的交通信号控制器专用芯片的硬件电路设计；同时对FPGA的片上可编程系统进行分析和研究，设计出交通信号控制器的控制算法，采用Verilog HDL硬件描述语言对交通信号各种控制模式进行了分模块设计，并在QuartusII集成开发平台上进行编译仿真，最后下载到FPGA芯片上进行验证。

而相对于传统交通控制器的四象限运行，本设计在此基础上增加手动控制、夜间模式、紧急模式，和基于车流量检测控制系统的智能模式，以应对不同条件下的紧急情况。

基于FPGA的交通灯控制器相比传统的控制器，具有高效、灵活、可扩展性强、实时性强和易于维护的优点，是一种理想的交通控制设备。

In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization and the continuous increase in urban traffic density, problems such as traffic congestion and traffic accidents have become increasingly prominent, posing great safety risks and economic losses to urban transportation. Against this background, traffic light control technology has become an important means to solve urban road traffic problems, and research on FPGA-based traffic light controllers is particularly important.

This paper studies the traditional four-quadrant traffic controller based on FPGA technology, and designs time-adjustable mode, manual mode, night mode, and intelligent traffic control mode. Then, using Cyclone II FPGA chip as the core and EP1C3T144C8N configuration chip, the hardware circuit design of the FPGA-based traffic signal controller is completed by expanding the main board circuit and peripheral circuit. At the same time, the on-chip programmable system of the FPGA is analyzed and researched, and the control algorithm of the traffic signal controller is designed. Verilog HDL hardware description language is used to design various control modes of the traffic signal in modules, and compiled and simulated on the Quartus II integrated development platform, and finally downloaded onto the FPGA chip for verification.

Compared with the traditional four-quadrant operation of the traditional traffic controller, this design adds manual control, night mode, emergency mode and an intelligent mode based on a vehicle flow detection control system to cope with emergency situations under different conditions.

The FPGA-based traffic light controller has the advantages of high efficiency, flexibility, strong scalability, strong real-time performance, and easy maintenance compared to traditional controllers. It is an ideal traffic control device.