Explain Difficult English Words and Phrases in Chinese Context: Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, Four Cardinal Principles, and More

Explain the difficult words and phrases in English (Chinese) in the following passage and give sentence examples in English (Chinese).

'Following the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We must continue to pursue economic development as our central task, uphold the Four Cardinal Principles, remain committed to reform and opening up, and stay independent and self-reliant. We must keep to our path and not sway in our commitment. We must not return to the isolation and rigidity of the past, or veer off course by changing our nature or abandoning our system. We must develop our country and our nation with our own strength, and we must maintain a firm grasp on the future of China’s development and progress.'

A sample is Breakthroughs（突破）: a sudden, significant progress or discovery in a particular area or field. --The company's research team made a breakthrough in developing a new vaccine. (公司的研究团队在开发新疫苗方面取得了突破。）

Content:

1. Socialism with Chinese characteristics (中国特色社会主义): a political ideology developed by the Communist Party of China that combines Marxist principles with Chinese cultural traditions and practices.

• The Chinese government adheres to the principles of socialism with Chinese characteristics. (中国政府坚持中国特色社会主义的原则。)

2. Four Cardinal Principles (四项基本原则): a set of political principles established by the Chinese government in 1979, including upholding the socialist path, the people's democratic dictatorship, the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.

• The Chinese government places great emphasis on the Four Cardinal Principles. (中国政府高度重视四项基本原则。)

3. Reform and opening up (改革开放): a policy initiated by Deng Xiaoping in 1978 to modernize China's economy and improve living standards through market-oriented reforms and increased foreign trade and investment.

• China's rapid economic growth can be attributed to the success of its reform and opening up policy. (中国经济的快速增长得益于改革开放政策的成功。)

4. Independent and self-reliant (自力更生): a policy aimed at reducing China's reliance on foreign technology and resources by developing its own capabilities and resources.

• China's self-reliance in technology has enabled it to become a global leader in certain industries. (中国在科技领域的自主创新使其在某些行业成为全球领导者。)

5. Veer off course (偏离正道): to deviate from the correct path or direction.

• The Chinese government warns against veering off course and abandoning socialist principles. (中国政府告诫要防止偏离正道，放弃社会主义原则。)

6. Isolation and rigidity (孤立僵化): a state of being isolated and inflexible, often associated with closed-mindedness and a lack of adaptability.

• China's past policies of isolation and rigidity hindered its economic and social development. (中国过去孤立僵化的政策阻碍了其经济和社会发展。)

7. Grasp on the future (把握未来): to have a clear understanding and control of future developments.

• China's leaders emphasize the need to maintain a firm grasp on the future of the country's development and progress. (中国领导人强调要牢牢把握中国发展进步的未来。)