全氟化合物研究现状：环境分布、来源及影响

全氟化合物是一类广泛存在于环境中的污染物。近年来，全氟化合物在不同矩阵中的水平和分布模式受到了广泛关注。德国环境中的全氟化合物水平和分布模式已经得到了深入研究[1]。在美国俄亥俄州和西弗吉尼亚州的一处氟聚合物生产设施附近的表面水和土壤中也检测到了HFPO-DA和PFOA的存在[2]。中国一处垃圾填埋场附近的土壤和植物叶子中也检测到了不同类型的全氟化合物[3]。在中国天津地区的土壤中，发现了不同类型的全氟化合物，这些物质的来源和分布情况也得到了研究[4]。东部农村地区的土壤、表面水和地下水中也检测到了不同类型的全氟化合物[5]。在青藏高原的土壤中，也检测到了不同类型的全氟化合物，研究结果揭示了这些物质的传输和来源[6]。全氟化合物的来源也受到关注。在一个军事航空基地的污染调查中，确定了PFOS和PFOA的来源[7]。总之，全氟化合物在环境中的分布、来源和影响已经引起了广泛的研究兴趣。

参考文献：

1. Kotthoffa M., et al. 'Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the German environment – Levels and patterns in different matrices.' Sci. Total Environ., 2020, 740, 140116.

2. Gallyway et al. 'Evidence of Air Dispersion: HFPO-DA and PFOA in Ohio and West Virginia Surface Water and Soil near a Fluoropolymer Production Facility.' Environ. Sci. Technol., 2020, 54, 7175-7184.

3. Xu C., et al. 'Occurrence, source apportionment, plant bioaccumulation and human exposure of legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in soil and plant leaves near a landfill in China.' Sci. Total Environ., 2021, 776, 145731.

4. Ma Donghui, Zhong Huifang, Lv Jitao, Wang Yawei, Jiang Guibin. 'Levels, distributions, and sources of legacy and novel per- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the topsoil of Tianjin, China.' J. Environ. Sci. 2022, 112, 71-81.

5. Chen Shu, Jiao Xing-Chun, Gai Nan, Li Xiao-Jie, Wang Xiao-Chun, Lu Guo-Hui, Piao Hai-Tao, Rao Zhu, Yang Yong-Liang. 'Perfluorinated compounds in soil, surface water, and groundwater from rural areas in eastern China.' Environ. Pollut. 2016, 211, 124-131.

6. Zhou Jian, Zhao Guoqing, Li Min, Li Jiaqian, Liang Xiaoxue, Yang Xinyi, Guo Jia, Wang Tiecheng, Zhu Lingyan. 'Three-dimensional spatial distribution of legacy and novel poly/perfluoroalkyl substances in the Tibetan Plateau soil: Implications for transport and sources.' Environ. Int. 2022, 158, 107007.

7. Arias EV, Mallavarapu M, Naidu R. 'Identification of the source of PFOS and PFOA contamination at a military air base site.' Environ Monit Assess. 2015, 187:4111.