Prognostic Model Based on 9 Stemness-Related Genes Predicts HCC Prognosis and Identifies Novel Stemness Markers

As CSCs play a crucial role in tumor metastasis and recurrence, effective targeting of CSCs is essential for long-term benefits in cancer treatment [40]. Therefore, identifying biomarkers of HCC stem cells can enhance our understanding of the biological mechanisms of stemness and lead to the discovery of novel stemness-related therapeutic targets. In this study, a prognostic model based on nine stemness-related genes was designed and verified in the GSE14520 cohort with statistical significance. The signature was closely associated with HCC prognosis, providing valuable guidance for the development of prognostic factors related to HCC stemness. Interestingly, we identified HMMR, EPO, CABYR, CXCL8, and MAGEA6 as novel cancer stemness-related genes. Previous studies have reported individual genes associated with HCC stemness in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In recent years, immune or stromal cells have been shown to modify the functions of CSCs, thereby affecting the behavior of tumor cells. The TME maintains the stemness features of CSCs and promotes the transformation of tumor cells into CSCs, which can impact therapeutic efficacy.