冬小麦灌溉制度优化研究：多模型模拟分析与区域化管理方案

Based on the observational data from 11 typical irrigation experiment stations in the main winter wheat producing areas of China, using multiple model ensembles (CERES-Wheat, Nwheat, APSIM-Wheat, and WheatGrow), this study simulated and analyzed the effects of different irrigation scenarios on winter wheat yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) under different typical years. Based on the irrigation optimization model, suitable winter wheat irrigation management plans were formulated in different regions. The results showed that as irrigation volume and frequency increased, winter wheat yield and WUE generally increased, while IWUE decreased. In terms of the impact of different irrigation periods on winter wheat yield, WUE, and IWUE, jointing stage water > flowering stage water > tillering stage water > filling stage water. At the same time, according to the simulation results of different irrigation schemes at different stations, jointing stage water, jointing stage water + flowering stage water, and tillering stage water + jointing stage water + flowering stage water were more significant in improving winter wheat yield, WUE, and IWUE than other irrigation combinations. Overall, compared with the current irrigation system, the yield, WUE, and IWUE after irrigation system optimization showed an upward trend, with an increase range of 2228.9-2947.5 kgha-1, 6.0-8.2 kghm-2mm-1, and 10.9-12.1 kghm-2mm-1, respectively. The irrigation volume and frequency after optimization were decreasing compared to before, with a decrease range of 4.6-44.6 mm and 1-2 times, respectively. Among different typical years, the results showed that the effects of irrigation optimization were more obvious in dry years than in normal or wet years. In addition, for different regions, the spatial distribution of yield, WUE, and IWUE after irrigation system optimization was more consistent, with the northern winter wheat area and the Huang-Huai winter wheat area showing more significant effects than the southwestern winter wheat area and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River winter wheat area. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the development and promotion of water-saving and high-yield irrigation plans in the main winter wheat producing areas.