Robustness Testing of Intelligent Development Index: An Application of Vertical and Horizontal Methods

For the purpose of robustness testing, two techniques were chosen: substitution of the explanatory variable measurement method, and substitution of the original explanatory variable. The entropy weight method was used to measure the comprehensive index system of intelligent development in the benchmark regression. The present study employs the vertical and horizontal methods, and the regression outcomes are exhibited in columns (1) and (2) of Table 4.