Robustness Testing of Intelligent Development Index: A Comparative Study of Measurement and Variable Replacement Techniques

Two techniques for testing robustness, including the substitution of the explanatory variable measurement and the replacement of the original explanatory variable, were employed. In the benchmark regression, the entropy weight method was used to measure the comprehensive index system of intelligent development. This study employs both the vertical and horizontal method, with the regression outcomes presented in columns (1) and (2) of Table 4.