Robustness Testing of Intelligent Development Index: Replacing Measurement Method and Explanatory Variable

For the purpose of robustness testing, two approaches were chosen to replace the measurement method of the explanatory variable and the original explanatory variable. Specifically, the entropy weight method was utilized to measure the comprehensive index system of intelligent development in the benchmark regression. In this section, the vertical and horizontal methods were employed, and the regression outcomes are presented in columns (1) and (2) of Table 4.