GLP-1 Analogues: A Comprehensive History and Overview

GLP-1 analogues are a class of medications used to treat type 2 diabetes. They are based on the hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which is produced in the intestine and plays a critical role in regulating blood sugar levels.

The first GLP-1 analogue to be approved by the FDA was exenatide (Byetta), which was launched in 2005. Exenatide is a synthetic version of GLP-1 that has been modified to resist degradation by enzymes in the body.

In 2010, a long-acting version of exenatide called exenatide extended-release (Bydureon) was approved. Bydureon is formulated as a once-weekly injection, making it more convenient for patients.

In 2012, liraglutide (Victoza) was approved. Like exenatide, liraglutide is a synthetic version of GLP-1 that has been modified to resist degradation. Liraglutide is administered once daily.

In 2014, dulaglutide (Trulicity) was approved. Dulaglutide is a once-weekly injection that is similar in structure to GLP-1.

In 2016, semaglutide (Ozempic) was approved. Semaglutide is a once-weekly injection that is structurally similar to GLP-1.

GLP-1 analogues have been shown to be highly effective in lowering blood sugar levels and improving insulin sensitivity. They also have the added benefit of promoting weight loss, which can be beneficial for patients with type 2 diabetes who are overweight or obese.

Overall, GLP-1 analogues represent an important advance in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, providing patients with effective and convenient options for managing their condition.