How to Build a Simple HTML Tetris Game - Step-by-Step Guide
How to Create a Simple HTML Tetris Game
This guide will walk you through the process of building a basic Tetris game using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. You'll learn how to set up the game board, create tetromino shapes, handle collisions, and more.
Step-by-Step Instructions
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HTML Setup:
- Create a new HTML file and add the basic
<html>,<head>, and<body>tags. - Inside the
<body>, include a<canvas>element with a unique ID (e.g., 'tetrisCanvas'). - In the
<head>, add a<script>tag to link your JavaScript file (where the game logic will reside).
- Create a new HTML file and add the basic
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Canvas and Rendering Context:
- In your JavaScript file, use
document.getElementById('tetrisCanvas')to access the canvas element. - Obtain the 2D rendering context using
canvas.getContext('2d').
- In your JavaScript file, use
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Tetromino Shapes:
- Define the different tetromino shapes (I, O, T, J, L, S, Z) as arrays of cells. Each cell should be an object with
xandyproperties representing its position.
- Define the different tetromino shapes (I, O, T, J, L, S, Z) as arrays of cells. Each cell should be an object with
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Game Board:
- Create a two-dimensional array to represent the game board. Each cell in the array should be an object with
x,y, andfilledproperties. Thefilledproperty will indicate if a cell is occupied by a tetromino piece.
- Create a two-dimensional array to represent the game board. Each cell in the array should be an object with
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Drawing Functions:
- Write a function to draw the game board and tetromino shapes on the canvas using the
fillRect()method of the rendering context.
- Write a function to draw the game board and tetromino shapes on the canvas using the
-
Tetromino Movement:
- Implement a function to move the current tetromino shape down one row on the game board at regular intervals (using
setInterval()).
- Implement a function to move the current tetromino shape down one row on the game board at regular intervals (using
-
Collision Detection:
- Write a function to check for collisions between the current tetromino shape and the game board or the bottom of the canvas. If a collision occurs, stop the tetromino's descent and mark the occupied cells as 'filled' on the game board.
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Keyboard Input:
- Add event listeners to handle keyboard input (left, right, down, and rotation). Use the
addEventListener()method on thedocumentobject.
- Add event listeners to handle keyboard input (left, right, down, and rotation). Use the
-
Tetromino Rotation:
- Create a function to rotate the current tetromino shape. You can use a rotation matrix or other algorithms to achieve this.
-
Row Clearing:
- Write a function to check for completed rows (rows with no empty cells). If a complete row is found, clear it from the game board and shift remaining rows down.
- New Tetromino Generation:
- Implement a function to randomly generate a new tetromino shape and set it as the current shape.
- Game Over:
- Determine when the game is over (e.g., when a tetromino piece collides with the top of the game board). Display a game over message or restart the game.
Example: Simple Tetris Game (CodePen)
You can find a simple HTML Tetris game example here: Simple HTML Tetris Game
This example demonstrates basic functionality and can be used as a starting point for your own Tetris game.
Note: This is a basic outline. You can add more features to your game, such as scoring, levels, different game modes, and visual enhancements.
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