加拿大生态区聚类分析：从温度、降水到区域划分

From the variable definitions of bio1-bio19 in section b of the previous text, it can be seen that bio1-bio11 mainly indicate temperature changes, while bio12-19 indicate precipitation conditions.

When the clustering number is 5, the classified areas show a north-south distribution. From the warm and humid south to the gradually decreasing temperature and precipitation in the north (https://climateatlas.ca/). The distribution of these regions is basically consistent with the division of Canada's seven climate regions and Plant Hardiness Zones. Of course, with the increase in the number of clusters, ecological regions will be further divided, making the division of different regions more refined. For example, the location of the western plateau region is further highlighted more accurately.

It is worth noting that although these indicators total 19, they are all calculated based on the annual (monthly) precipitation and temperature. Therefore, too many cluster divisions will weaken the persuasiveness of the conclusions and also make the results of the division less useful in real life. It is recommended to include more comprehensive indicators for consideration.

Moreover, the clustering number in this study was obtained by increasing from 5 to 25 in increments of 5. Considering factors such as actual climate distribution, vegetation distribution, and population distribution, it may be more reasonable to gradually increase the clustering number by 1 to match the actual situation.