口蹄疫病毒致病机制及宿主免疫反应研究进展

Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious disease caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus, which mainly affects cattle, pigs, sheep, and other cloven-hoofed animals. The virus enters the host's body through multiple transmission routes and replicates in the mouth, throat, lungs, and other parts, causing severe inflammatory reactions. The pathogenic mechanism of foot-and-mouth disease virus involves multiple aspects, including the interaction between the virus and host cells, virus replication and spread, and immune response. The virus relies on its surface structural protein to bind to the receptor on the host cell surface, entering the host cell for replication. At the same time, the virus replication process can cause host cell death and inflammatory reactions, leading to tissue damage and pathological changes. Regarding the immune response to foot-and-mouth disease virus, the host's immune system produces antibodies to neutralize the virus and clears the infection through T-cell mediated immune responses. However, foot-and-mouth disease virus has a strong immune escape ability, which can evade attacks from the host immune system by changing the structure of its surface protein, increasing the risk of vaccine failure and re-infection. In summary, understanding the pathogenic mechanism and immune response of foot-and-mouth disease virus is of great significance for the prevention and control of this disease. This article reviews the current research status of the pathogenic mechanism and immune response of foot-and-mouth disease virus, hoping to provide references for the development of the pathogenic mechanism, vaccines, and specific drugs for foot-and-mouth disease virus.