Autophagy and Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Oral and Maxillofacial Regions: A Review

The facial nerve is one of the most vulnerable nerves in the maxillofacial region, and autophagy has been found to play a role in regulating Schwann cells' function after peripheral nerve injury. Studies have shown that autophagy inhibition can hinder nerve fiber disintegration and Schwann cell accumulation, causing delays in tissue debris removal and nerve regeneration. In contrast, promoting autophagy can increase nerve proliferation, reduce Schwann cells apoptosis, and facilitate nerve debris clearance, ultimately providing an ideal microenvironment for nerve engineering. However, some studies have shown conflicting results, and the role of autophagy in oral and maxillofacial peripheral nerve regeneration remains limited. Further research is needed to determine the clinical potential of autophagy in promoting nerve regeneration in these regions.