• 日期: 2027-11-18
  • 标签: 常规

C++ Low-Level Programming for Windows: 10 Code Samples

This collection of 10 C++ code samples provides a practical introduction to low-level programming for Windows. Each example demonstrates a fundamental technique, allowing you to explore core concepts and build upon your understanding.

1. Reading and Writing to a Serial Port

#include <Windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
    HANDLE hComm;
    BOOL Status;
    DWORD dwEventMask;
    char SerialBuffer[256];
    DWORD NoBytesRead;

    hComm = CreateFile('\\.\COM3', GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);

    if (hComm == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
    {
        printf('Error in opening serial port\n');
        return 0;
    }

    DCB dcbSerialParams = { 0 };
    dcbSerialParams.DCBlength = sizeof(dcbSerialParams);

    Status = GetCommState(hComm, &dcbSerialParams);

    if (Status == FALSE)
    {
        printf('Error in getting serial port state\n');
        return 0;
    }

    dcbSerialParams.BaudRate = CBR_9600;
    dcbSerialParams.ByteSize = 8;
    dcbSerialParams.StopBits = ONESTOPBIT;
    dcbSerialParams.Parity = NOPARITY;

    Status = SetCommState(hComm, &dcbSerialParams);

    if (Status == FALSE)
    {
        printf('Error in setting serial port state\n');
        return 0;
    }

    Status = SetCommMask(hComm, EV_RXCHAR);

    if (Status == FALSE)
    {
        printf('Error in setting event mask\n');
        return 0;
    }

    while (1)
    {
        Status = WaitCommEvent(hComm, &dwEventMask, NULL);

        if (Status == FALSE)
        {
            printf('Error in waiting for event\n');
            return 0;
        }

        Status = ReadFile(hComm, SerialBuffer, sizeof(SerialBuffer), &NoBytesRead, NULL);

        if (Status == FALSE)
        {
            printf('Error in reading from serial port\n');
            return 0;
        }

        printf('Received: %s\n', SerialBuffer);

        Status = WriteFile(hComm, SerialBuffer, NoBytesRead, NULL, NULL);

        if (Status == FALSE)
        {
            printf('Error in writing to serial port\n');
            return 0;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

This code demonstrates how to open, configure, read from, and write to a serial port on Windows using the Windows API.

2. Creating a Simple Window

#include <Windows.h>

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
    const char CLASS_NAME[] = 'Sample Window Class';

    WNDCLASS wc = { };

    wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;

    RegisterClass(&wc);

    HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(
        0,
        CLASS_NAME,
        'Sample Window',
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        hInstance,
        NULL
    );

    if (hWnd == NULL)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);

    MSG msg = { };
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return 0;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (uMsg)
    {
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;

    case WM_PAINT:
    {
        PAINTSTRUCT ps;
        HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);

        FillRect(hdc, &ps.rcPaint, (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1));

        EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
    }
    return 0;

    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }

    return 0;
}

This code demonstrates the fundamental steps involved in creating a simple window using the Windows API.

3. Drawing a Circle in a Window

#include <Windows.h>

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
    const char CLASS_NAME[] = 'Sample Window Class';

    WNDCLASS wc = { };

    wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;

    RegisterClass(&wc);

    HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(
        0,
        CLASS_NAME,
        'Sample Window',
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        hInstance,
        NULL
    );

    if (hWnd == NULL)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);

    MSG msg = { };
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return 0;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (uMsg)
    {
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;

    case WM_PAINT:
    {
        PAINTSTRUCT ps;
        HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);

        Ellipse(hdc, 10, 10, 100, 100);

        EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
    }
    return 0;

    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }

    return 0;
}

This code illustrates how to draw a simple circle within a window using the Ellipse function.

4. Creating a Menu in a Window

#include <Windows.h>

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
    const char CLASS_NAME[] = 'Sample Window Class';

    WNDCLASS wc = { };

    wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;

    RegisterClass(&wc);

    HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(
        0,
        CLASS_NAME,
        'Sample Window',
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        hInstance,
        NULL
    );

    if (hWnd == NULL)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    HMENU hMenu = CreateMenu();

    HMENU hFileMenu = CreateMenu();
    AppendMenu(hFileMenu, MF_STRING, 1001, 'New');
    AppendMenu(hFileMenu, MF_STRING, 1002, 'Open');
    AppendMenu(hFileMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL);
    AppendMenu(hFileMenu, MF_STRING, 1003, 'Exit');

    AppendMenu(hMenu, MF_POPUP, (UINT_PTR)hFileMenu, 'File');

    SetMenu(hWnd, hMenu);

    ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);

    MSG msg = { };
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return 0;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (uMsg)
    {
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;

    case WM_COMMAND:
        switch (LOWORD(wParam))
        {
        case 1001:
            MessageBox(hWnd, 'New File', 'File Menu', MB_OK);
            break;

        case 1002:
            MessageBox(hWnd, 'Open File', 'File Menu', MB_OK);
            break;

        case 1003:
            DestroyWindow(hWnd);
            break;
        }
        return 0;

    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }

    return 0;
}

This code demonstrates how to create a simple menu with menu items within a window.

5. Creating a Dialog Box

#include <Windows.h>

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
INT_PTR CALLBACK DialogProc(HWND hDlg, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
    const char CLASS_NAME[] = 'Sample Window Class';

    WNDCLASS wc = { };

    wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;

    RegisterClass(&wc);

    HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(
        0,
        CLASS_NAME,
        'Sample Window',
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        hInstance,
        NULL
    );

    if (hWnd == NULL)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    DialogBox(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_DIALOG1), hWnd, DialogProc);

    ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);

    MSG msg = { };
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return 0;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (uMsg)
    {
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;

    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }

    return 0;
}

INT_PTR CALLBACK DialogProc(HWND hDlg, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (uMsg)
    {
    case WM_COMMAND:
        switch (LOWORD(wParam))
        {
        case IDOK:
        case IDCANCEL:
            EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam));
            return TRUE;
        }
        break;
    }

    return FALSE;
}

This code demonstrates the creation of a modal dialog box using the DialogBox function.

6. Creating a Modeless Dialog Box

#include <Windows.h>

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
INT_PTR CALLBACK DialogProc(HWND hDlg, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
    const char CLASS_NAME[] = 'Sample Window Class';

    WNDCLASS wc = { };

    wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;

    RegisterClass(&wc);

    HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(
        0,
        CLASS_NAME,
        'Sample Window',
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        hInstance,
        NULL
    );

    if (hWnd == NULL)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    CreateDialog(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_DIALOG1), hWnd, DialogProc);
    ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);

    MSG msg = { };
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        if (!IsDialogMessage(hWnd, &msg))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (uMsg)
    {
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;

    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }

    return 0;
}

INT_PTR CALLBACK DialogProc(HWND hDlg, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (uMsg)
    {
    case WM_INITDIALOG:
        return TRUE;

    case WM_COMMAND:
        switch (LOWORD(wParam))
        {
        case IDOK:
        case IDCANCEL:
            EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam));
            return TRUE;
        }
        break;
    }

    return FALSE;
}

This code demonstrates the creation of a modeless dialog box using the CreateDialog function.

7. Creating a Simple Text Editor

#include <Windows.h>

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
    const char CLASS_NAME[] = 'Sample Window Class';

    WNDCLASS wc = { };

    wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;

    RegisterClass(&wc);

    HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(
        0,
        CLASS_NAME,
        'Sample Window',
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        hInstance,
        NULL
    );

    if (hWnd == NULL)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    HWND hEdit = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, 'EDIT', '',
        WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_VSCROLL | ES_MULTILINE | ES_AUTOVSCROLL,
        0, 0, 0, 0, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_MAIN_EDIT, hInstance, NULL);

    ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);

    MSG msg = { };
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return 0;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (uMsg)
    {
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;

    case WM_SIZE:
        {
            RECT rcClient;
            GetClientRect(hWnd, &rcClient);

            HWND hEdit = GetDlgItem(hWnd, IDC_MAIN_EDIT);
            SetWindowPos(hEdit, NULL, 0, 0, rcClient.right, rcClient.bottom, SWP_NOZORDER);
        }
        return 0;

    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }

    return 0;
}

This code demonstrates how to create a basic text editor with a multi-line edit control.

8. Creating a Combo Box

#include <Windows.h>

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
    const char CLASS_NAME[] = 'Sample Window Class';

    WNDCLASS wc = { };

    wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;

    RegisterClass(&wc);

    HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(
        0,
        CLASS_NAME,
        'Sample Window',
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        hInstance,
        NULL
    );

    if (hWnd == NULL)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    HWND hComboBox = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, 'COMBOBOX', '',
        WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | CBS_DROPDOWNLIST,
        10, 10, 200, 200, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_MAIN_COMBOBOX, hInstance, NULL);

    SendMessage(hComboBox, CB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)'Option 1');
    SendMessage(hComboBox, CB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)'Option 2');
    SendMessage(hComboBox, CB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)'Option 3');

    ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);

    MSG msg = { };
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return 0;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (uMsg)
    {
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;

    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }

    return 0;
}

This code demonstrates how to create a combo box with dropdown options.

9. Creating a List Box

#include <Windows.h>

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
    const char CLASS_NAME[] = 'Sample Window Class';

    WNDCLASS wc = { };

    wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;

    RegisterClass(&wc);

    HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(
        0,
        CLASS_NAME,
        'Sample Window',
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        hInstance,
        NULL
    );

    if (hWnd == NULL)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    HWND hListBox = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, 'LISTBOX', '',
        WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | LBS_STANDARD,
        10, 10, 200, 200, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_MAIN_LISTBOX, hInstance, NULL);

    SendMessage(hListBox, LB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)'Option 1');
    SendMessage(hListBox, LB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)'Option 2');
    SendMessage(hListBox, LB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)'Option 3');

    ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);

    MSG msg = { };
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return 0;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (uMsg)
    {
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;

    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }

    return 0;
}

This code demonstrates how to create a list box with multiple selectable options.

10. Creating a Tool Bar

#include <Windows.h>

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
    const char CLASS_NAME[] = 'Sample Window Class';

    WNDCLASS wc = { };

    wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;

    RegisterClass(&wc);

    HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(
        0,
        CLASS_NAME,
        'Sample Window',
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        hInstance,
        NULL
    );

    if (hWnd == NULL)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    HWND hToolBar = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW, 'TOOLBAR',
        '',
        WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | TBSTYLE_FLAT | TBSTYLE_TOOLTIPS,
        0, 0, 0, 0, hWnd, (HMENU)IDC_MAIN_TOOLBAR, hInstance, NULL);

    // Add buttons to the toolbar
    // ...

    ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);

    MSG msg = { };
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return 0;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (uMsg)
    {
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;

    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }

    return 0;
}

This code provides a basic framework for creating a toolbar with buttons within a window.

These code samples offer a foundation for building more complex Windows applications using C++. Explore their functionality, modify them to suit your needs, and delve deeper into Windows low-level programming for exciting possibilities.

C++ Low-Level Programming for Windows: 10 Code Samples

原文地址: https://www.cveoy.top/t/topic/lDHE 著作权归作者所有。请勿转载和采集!

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