Analyzing Income Structure Changes: Average Income, Income Gap, and Human Capital Flow

This change in income structure can be examined through two dimensions: the average level of income (Income_ave) and the income gap (Income_gap). The former can be quantified by calculating the mean annual wage of urban workers, while the latter can be measured by comparing the proportion of employees in the computer services and software-related industries to those in the traditional manufacturing industries, as per Akdur (2021). Additionally, the flow of human capital factors (Flow) can be assessed by determining the ratio of regional human capital to the total human capital in a given year, where regional human capital is derived from the product of the total labor force and the average possession of human capital.