GPIOA ODR Toggle: Understanding the ^= Operator

This line of code toggles the value of the first bit (bit 0) of the output data register (ODR) of GPIO port A.

The '= operator is the XOR assignment operator, which means that it performs a bitwise XOR operation between the current value of the ODR and the value 0x0001, and then stores the result back in the ODR.

If the first bit of the ODR was previously 0, it will be set to 1. If it was previously 1, it will be set to 0. This can be used to toggle an LED connected to the first pin of GPIO port A, for example.