将下面改写的学术、精炼一点Referring to Lu Helian 2012 the total factor productivity representing input-output efficiency is measured by fixed effect method LP method and OP method respectively in which the input i

According to Lu Helian (2012), the total factor productivity, which measures the efficiency of input-output, is evaluated using the fixed effect method, LP method, and OP method. The input index consists of capital, labor, investment, and intermediate input, while the output index is operating income. The regression results for these methods are presented in columns (1)-(3) of Table 2.