Understand that environmental protection includes both sea and air which are protected by detailed MARPOL regulations

MARPOL, short for International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, is a comprehensive international treaty that aims to prevent and minimize pollution from ships, including both sea and air pollution. It was developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and has been in force since 1983.

MARPOL regulations cover various aspects of pollution prevention, including oil pollution, marine pollution from noxious liquid substances, sewage, garbage, air pollution, and the transportation of harmful substances in packaged form.

Regarding sea pollution, MARPOL regulations set limits on the discharge of oil and other harmful substances from ships, establish requirements for the construction and operation of oil tankers and other vessels, and outline procedures for responding to oil spills and other marine pollution incidents.

In terms of air pollution, MARPOL Annex VI specifically addresses the prevention of air pollution from ships. It sets limits on the emissions of sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from ship exhausts and establishes regulations for the use of ozone-depleting substances and volatile organic compounds.

MARPOL regulations are implemented by individual countries through their national legislation, and compliance with these regulations is mandatory for all ships operating in international waters. Port State Control authorities and flag state administrations enforce and monitor compliance with MARPOL regulations through inspections, audits, and the issuance of certificates.

By having detailed MARPOL regulations in place, environmental protection in both sea and air is ensured. These regulations aim to safeguard the marine environment from pollution, preserve marine ecosystems, protect human health, and contribute to the sustainable use of marine resources