modify the following paragraphPlatelet counts PLC and platelet function tests are often used to monitor and diagnose pathological conditions such as inflammation aging microbial infection and cancers

Platelet counts (PLC) and platelet function tests are commonly used to monitor and diagnose various pathological conditions, including inflammation, aging, microbial infection, and cancers. Recent research in transcriptomics and proteomics has uncovered the potential role of platelets in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Specifically, the glycosylation of proteins on the surface of platelets has been found to regulate platelet activation, adhesion, and aggregation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the proteomics and N-glycoproteomics profiles of peripheral platelets in healthy individuals, as well as patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and metastatic liver cancer (mLC). By analyzing a total of 3199 proteins, 347 glycoproteins, 583 glycosites, and 3419 site-specific N-glycans, we identified and quantified potential biomarkers for liver cancer. Interestingly, we observed aberrant expression of approximately 12-15% of total proteins and 40-45% of site-specific N-glycans in liver cancer patients, suggesting that protein glycosylation on platelets may be a more sensitive biomarker for cancer diagnosis than protein expression alone. Furthermore, we found only 45 proteins and 128 site-specific N-glycans to have differential expression between HCC and mLC patients. Our analysis of glycan types revealed a noteworthy trend, with an increase in oligomannose type N-glycopeptides and a decrease in complex/hybrid type N-glycopeptides, particularly sialylation type, in liver cancer patients. Additionally, our integrative omics analysis and functional analysis identified disease signatures related to altered protein expression and N-glycosylation of glycoproteins in the complement and coagulation cascades pathway. Overall, our findings underscore the importance of platelet protein N-glycosylation aberrations in cancer pathogenesis and provide valuable insights for the development of platelet-based approaches for cancer diagnosis and therapy