The 1965 war between India and Pakistan began on 6th September 1965 for various reasons. Here are some key factors that led to the outbreak of the war:

  1. Kashmir Issue: The main cause of the war was the long-standing dispute over the region of Kashmir. Both India and Pakistan claimed ownership of the territory, and tensions had been escalating since the partition of India in 1947.

  2. Border Skirmishes: There were several border skirmishes and cross-border infiltrations leading up to the war. Pakistan believed that it needed to support the Kashmiri people in their struggle against Indian rule, which led to increased infiltration attempts and clashes along the border.

  3. Operation Gibraltar: In an attempt to incite an uprising in Indian-administered Kashmir, Pakistan launched "Operation Gibraltar" in July 1965. Pakistani infiltrators crossed the Line of Control (LoC) into Indian territory to provide support to local separatists. This action escalated tensions and pushed India to respond militarily.

  4. Indian Military Offensive: In response to Operation Gibraltar, India launched a military offensive known as "Operation Grand Slam" in August 1965. Indian forces crossed the international border into Pakistan's Punjab province, threatening important Pakistani cities.

  5. International Pressure: The war also had international implications, as various countries tried to mediate and put pressure on India and Pakistan to resolve their differences peacefully. However, these efforts were largely unsuccessful.

These factors, along with other underlying political and historical issues, led to the outbreak of the war on 6th September 1965. The conflict lasted for about three weeks, ending with a ceasefire agreement facilitated by the Soviet Union on 23rd September 1965

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